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Ch. 8 - Integration Techniques
Briggs - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 3rd Edition
Briggs3rd EditionCalculus: Early TranscendentalsISBN: 9780136847243Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 8, Problem 8.2.60c

60. Two Methods
c. Verify that your answers to parts (a) and (b) are consistent.

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Review the answers you obtained in parts (a) and (b) carefully, noting the expressions or values you found for the quantity or function in question.
Identify the key results from both parts, such as derivatives, integrals, or function values, depending on what parts (a) and (b) asked you to find.
Set the expressions from parts (a) and (b) equal to each other or compare them directly to check for consistency. This might involve simplifying both expressions to a common form.
If the expressions look different, try algebraic manipulation such as factoring, expanding, or using trigonometric identities to see if they can be shown to be equivalent.
Conclude that the answers are consistent if you can demonstrate that both methods lead to the same result or expression, confirming the correctness of your solutions.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Verification of Solutions

Verification involves checking that the solutions obtained from different methods satisfy the original problem or equation. This ensures consistency and correctness by substituting the solutions back into the initial conditions or equations.
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Multiple Solution Methods

Using more than one method to solve a problem helps confirm the accuracy of results. Common methods in calculus include analytical techniques, graphical analysis, or numerical approximation, each providing a different perspective on the solution.
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Consistency in Mathematical Results

Consistency means that different approaches yield the same or compatible results, reinforcing the validity of the solution. It is a fundamental principle in mathematics to cross-check answers to avoid errors and ensure reliability.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

49. Explain why or why not Determine whether the following statements are true and give an explanation or counterexample:

c. ∫ v du = u·v - ∫ u dv

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Textbook Question

45–48. {Use of Tech} Trapezoid Rule and Simpson’s Rule Consider the following integrals and the given values of n.

46. ∫(0 to 2) x⁴ dx; n = 30

c. Compute the absolute errors in the Trapezoid Rule and Simpson’s Rule with 2n subintervals.

Textbook Question

109. Escape velocity and black holes The work required to launch an object from the surface of Earth to outer space is given by W = ∫ from R to ∞ of F(x) dx, where R = 6370 km is the approximate radius of Earth, F(x) = (GMm)/x² is the gravitational force between Earth and the object, G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of Earth, m is the mass of the object, and GM = 4 × 10¹⁴ m³/s².

c. The French scientist Laplace anticipated the existence of black holes in the 18th century with the following argument: If a body has an escape velocity that equals or exceeds the speed of light, c = 300,000 km/s, then light cannot escape the body and it cannot be seen. Show that such a body has a radius R ≤ 2GM/c². For Earth to be a black hole, what would its radius need to be?

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Textbook Question

Prove the following orthogonality relations (which are used to generate Fourier series). Assume m and n are integers with m ≠ n.

c.

π

∫ sin(mx) cos(nx) dx = 0, when |m + n| is even

0

Textbook Question

3. What term(s) should appear in the partial fraction decomposition of a proper rational function with each of the following?

c. A factor of (x² + 2x + 6) in the denominator

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Textbook Question

94. [Use of Tech] Skydiving A skydiver has a downward velocity given by v(t) = V_T [(1 - e^(-2gt/V_T))/(1 + e^(-2gt/V_T))],

where t = 0 is the instant the skydiver starts falling, g = 9.8 m/s² is the acceleration due to gravity, and V_T is the terminal velocity of the skydiver.

c. Verify by integration that the position function is given by

s(t) = V_T t + (V_T²/g) ln[(1 + e^(-2gt/V_T))/2],

where s'(t) = v(t) and s(0) = 0.

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