Ch. 3 - Derivatives

Briggs - Calculus: Early Transcendentals 3rd Edition

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Briggs 3rd Edition

Ch. 3 - Derivatives

Problem 3.6.3

Chapter 3, Problem 3.6.3

Complete the following statement. If dy/dx is small, then small changes in x will result in relatively ______ changes in the value of y.

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Understand the concept of the derivative: The derivative \( \frac{dy}{dx} \) represents the rate of change of \( y \) with respect to \( x \). It tells us how much \( y \) changes for a small change in \( x \).

Interpret the meaning of a small \( \frac{dy}{dx} \): If \( \frac{dy}{dx} \) is small, it means that the rate of change of \( y \) with respect to \( x \) is small. In other words, \( y \) does not change much as \( x \) changes.

Relate small \( \frac{dy}{dx} \) to changes in \( y \): Since \( \frac{dy}{dx} \) is small, small changes in \( x \) will result in small changes in \( y \). This is because the slope of the tangent line to the curve at that point is shallow.

Visualize the graph: Imagine a graph where the slope of the tangent line is nearly flat. As you move along the \( x \)-axis, the \( y \)-value changes very little, indicating a small change in \( y \).

Complete the statement: Therefore, if \( \frac{dy}{dx} \) is small, then small changes in \( x \) will result in relatively small changes in the value of \( y \).

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Derivative

The derivative, denoted as dy/dx, represents the rate of change of a function y with respect to a variable x. It quantifies how much y changes for a small change in x, providing insight into the function's behavior at specific points. A small derivative indicates that y changes little when x changes, suggesting a flat slope on the graph of the function.

Differential

A differential is an infinitesimal change in a variable, often represented as dy for changes in y and dx for changes in x. In the context of derivatives, it helps to express the relationship between small changes in x and the resulting changes in y. The concept of differentials is crucial for understanding how small variations in input affect output in calculus.

Continuity

Continuity refers to a property of functions where small changes in the input (x) lead to small changes in the output (y). A continuous function does not have abrupt jumps or breaks, ensuring that the behavior of the function is predictable. This concept is essential for understanding the implications of small derivatives, as it guarantees that the relationship between x and y remains stable under small perturbations.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

5–8. Calculate dy/dx using implicit differentiation.

sin y+2 = x

Textbook Question

67–78. Derivatives of inverse functions Consider the following functions (on the given interval, if specified). Find the derivative of the inverse function.

f(x) = x^2/3, for x>0

Textbook Question

State the derivative rule for the logarithmic function f(x)=log(subscript b)x. How does it differ from the derivative formula for ln x?

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Textbook Question

Applying the Chain Rule Use the data in Tables 3.4 and 3.5 of Example 4 to estimate the rate of change in pressure with respect to time experienced by the runner when she is at an altitude of 13,330 ft. Make use of a forward difference quotient when estimating the required derivatives.

Textbook Question

Calculate the derivative of the following functions. In some cases, it is useful to use the properties of logarithms to simplify the functions before computing f'(x).

f(x) = In (2x - 1)(x + 2)³ / (1 - 4x)²

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Textbook Question

Reproduce the graph of f and then plot a graph of f' on the same axes. <IMAGE>

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