15. Power Series

Radius and interval of convergence Determine the radius and interval of convergence of the following power series.

∑ₖ₌₁∞ ((−1)ᵏ⁺¹(x−1)ᵏ)/k

Radius and interval of convergence Use the Ratio Test or the Root Test to determine the radius of convergence of the following power series. Test the endpoints to determine the interval of convergence, when appropriate.

∞

Σ x⁴ᵏ/k²

k = 1

Power Series

In Exercises 47–56, (a) find the series’ radius and interval of convergence. Then identify the values of x for which the series converges (b) absolutely and (c) conditionally.

∑ (from n = 1 to ∞) (csch n)xⁿ

Functions to power series Find power series representations centered at 0 for the following functions using known power series. Give the interval of convergence for the resulting series.

f(x) = ln √(4 − x²)

Shifting power series If the power series f(x)=∑ cₖ xᵏ has an interval of convergence of |x|<R, what is the interval of convergence of the power series for f(x−a), where a ≠ 0 is a real number?

Suppose the power series ∑ₖ₌₀∞ cₖ(x−a)ᵏ has an interval of convergence of (−3,7]. Find the center a and the radius of convergence R.

Series to functions Find the function represented by the following series, and find the interval of convergence of the series. (Not all these series are power series.)

 ∑ₖ₌₀∞ e⁻ᵏˣ

Series to functions Find the function represented by the following series, and find the interval of convergence of the series. (Not all these series are power series.)

∑ₖ₌₀∞(√x − 2)ᵏ

Intervals of Convergence

In Exercises 1–36, (a) find the series’ radius and interval of convergence. For what values of x does the series converge (b) absolutely, (c) conditionally?

∑ (from n = 1 to ∞) [ (x − 1)ⁿ / (n³ 3ⁿ) ]

Functions to power series Find power series representations centered at 0 for the following functions using known power series. Give the interval of convergence for the resulting series.

f(x) = ln √(1 − x²)

Combining power series Use the power series representation

f(x ) =ln (1 − x) = −∑ₖ₌₁∞ xᵏ/k, for −1 ≤ x < 1,

to find the power series for the following functions (centered at 0). Give the interval of convergence of the new series.

f(3x) = ln (1 − 3x)

In Exercises 37–42, find the series’ radius of convergence.

∑ (from n = 1 to ∞) [ n! xⁿ / nⁿ ]

Assume that the series ∑ aₙ(x − 2)ⁿ converges for x = −1 and diverges for x = 6. Answer true (T), false (F), or not enough information given (N) for the following statements about the series.

f. Diverges for x = 4.9

Functions to power series Find power series representations centered at 0 for the following functions using known power series. Give the interval of convergence for the resulting series.

f(x) = 2x/(1 + x²)²

Intervals of Convergence

In Exercises 1–36, (a) find the series’ radius and interval of convergence. For what values of x does the series converge (b) absolutely, (c) conditionally?

∑ (from n = 0 to ∞) [ n xⁿ / (4ⁿ (n² + 1)) ]