12. Techniques of Integration

89. Consider the infinite region in the first quadrant bounded by the graphs of

y = 1 / x², y = 0, and x = 1.

b. Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region (i) about the x-axis.

102–106. Laplace transforms A powerful tool in solving problems in engineering and physics is the Laplace transform. Given a function f(t), the Laplace transform is a new function F(s) defined by F(s) = ∫[0 to ∞] e^(-st) f(t) dt, where we assume s is a positive real number. For example, to find the Laplace transform of f(t) = e^(-t), the following improper integral is evaluated using integration by parts:

F(s) = ∫[0 to ∞] e^(-st) e^(-t) dt = ∫[0 to ∞] e^(-(s+1)t) dt = 1/(s+1).

Verify the following Laplace transforms, where a is a real number.

106. f(t) = cos(at) → F(s) = s/(s² + a²)

7–58. Improper integrals Evaluate the following integrals or state that they diverge.

10. ∫ (from 0 to ∞) e⁻²ˣ dx

The integrals in Exercises 1–34 converge. Evaluate the integrals without using tables.

∫₋∞^∞ (x dx) / (x² + 4)^(3/2)

The integrals in Exercises 1–34 converge. Evaluate the integrals without using tables.

∫₀⁴ dx / √(4 − x)

The integrals in Exercises 1–34 converge. Evaluate the integrals without using tables.

∫₀^∞ 2e^(−θ) sinθ dθ

102–106. Laplace transforms A powerful tool in solving problems in engineering and physics is the Laplace transform. Given a function f(t), the Laplace transform is a new function F(s) defined by F(s) = ∫[0 to ∞] e^(-st) f(t) dt, where we assume s is a positive real number. For example, to find the Laplace transform of f(t) = e^(-t), the following improper integral is evaluated using integration by parts:

F(s) = ∫[0 to ∞] e^(-st) e^(-t) dt = ∫[0 to ∞] e^(-(s+1)t) dt = 1/(s+1).

Verify the following Laplace transforms, where a is a real number.

104. f(t) = t → F(s) = 1/s²

In Exercises 35–68, use integration, the Direct Comparison Test, or the Limit Comparison Test to test the integrals for convergence. If more than one method applies, use whatever method you prefer.

∫ from -∞ to ∞ of ((dx) / (e^x + e^(-x)))

4. Evaluate ∫ (from 0 to 1) (1/x^(1/5)) dx after writing the integral as a limit.

Which of the following integrals is improper because the interval of integration is infinite?

Exercises 83–86 are about the infinite region in the first quadrant between the curve y = e^(-x) and the x-axis.

85. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region about the y-axis.

7–58. Improper integrals Evaluate the following integrals or state that they diverge.

39. ∫ (from 0 to π/2) tan θ dθ

Which of the improper integrals in Exercises 63–68 converge and which diverge?

∫ from 6 to ∞ of (1 / √(θ² + 1)) dθ

7–58. Improper integrals Evaluate the following integrals or state that they diverge.

10. ∫ (from 0 to ∞) e⁻²ˣ dx

89. Consider the infinite region in the first quadrant bounded by the graphs of

y = 1 / x², y = 0, and x = 1.

b. Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region (ii) about the y-axis.