Textbook Question
Explain why insulin injections are more effective in controlling the blood glucose level in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus than in those with type 2 diabetes.
Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
Not the one you use?Change textbookSelect a different textbook
Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 41, Problem 6
Why is oral rehydration therapy with a solution of sodium chloride and glucose an effective treatment for dehydration?
a. The sodium and glucose decrease urine output.
b. The sodium and glucose facilitate water absorption by the small intestine.
c. The sodium and glucose help kill intestinal bacteria.
d. The sodium and glucose make the person thirsty.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the purpose of oral rehydration therapy (ORT): ORT is used to treat dehydration, especially due to diarrhea, by replenishing lost fluids and electrolytes.
Recognize the role of sodium and glucose in ORT: Sodium and glucose are key components because they facilitate the absorption of water in the small intestine.
Explore the mechanism of absorption: Sodium and glucose are absorbed together through a co-transport mechanism in the intestinal cells, which also pulls water into the cells due to osmotic balance.
Consider the physiological effect: By enhancing water absorption, sodium and glucose help restore hydration levels in the body, making ORT effective.
Evaluate the options: Based on the understanding of ORT, identify that option b, 'The sodium and glucose facilitate water absorption by the small intestine,' correctly describes why ORT is effective.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:
This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.
Video duration:
31sWas this helpful?
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, leading to a deficiency of water and electrolytes. It can result from various causes, including diarrhea, vomiting, or excessive sweating. Symptoms include dry mouth, fatigue, and decreased urine output. Effective treatment involves replenishing lost fluids and electrolytes to restore balance.
Recommended video:
Guided course
04:19
Building & Breaking-Down Polymers
Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT)
Oral Rehydration Therapy is a simple, cost-effective treatment for dehydration, especially due to diarrhea. It involves drinking a solution containing water, sodium chloride (salt), and glucose. This combination helps replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, facilitating absorption in the small intestine and restoring hydration levels efficiently.
Sodium and Glucose Co-transport
Sodium and glucose co-transport is a mechanism in the small intestine where sodium and glucose are absorbed together. The presence of glucose enhances sodium absorption, which in turn promotes water uptake due to osmotic balance. This process is crucial in ORT, as it allows rapid rehydration by efficiently absorbing water and electrolytes into the bloodstream.
Recommended video:
Guided course
07:06Secondary Active Transport
Related Practice
Textbook Question
When food is plentiful, animals tend to store most of what they eat as fat. Why is this?
Textbook Question
A hormone that reduces the blood glucose level is______, and a hormone that increases the blood glucose level is__________.
Textbook Question
Why is it important that the small intestine has a much greater surface area than the stomach or esophagus?
Textbook Question
Cellulose is fermented in which of the following structures in rabbits?
a. Small intestine
b. Cecum
c. Abomasum
d. Rumen
Textbook Question
Explain the role in nutrition of each of the following structures:
bird crop, cow rumen, and elephant cecum.