Textbook Question
Explain why insulin injections are more effective in controlling the blood glucose level in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus than in those with type 2 diabetes.
Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 41, Problem 5
Explain the role in nutrition of each of the following structures:
bird crop, cow rumen, and elephant cecum.
Verified step by step guidance1
The bird crop is a pouch-like structure located in the esophagus of birds. Its primary role in nutrition is to store food temporarily. This allows birds to consume food quickly and then digest it later when they are safe from predators. The crop also softens food, making it easier to digest when it moves to the stomach.
The cow rumen is the largest compartment of the cow's stomach, part of a complex digestive system known as the ruminant system. The rumen's role in nutrition is to serve as a fermentation vat where microorganisms break down fibrous plant material, such as cellulose, into simpler compounds. This process allows cows to extract nutrients from plant-based diets that are otherwise indigestible.
The elephant cecum is a large pouch located at the beginning of the large intestine. Its role in nutrition is to aid in the digestion of plant material through microbial fermentation. The cecum helps break down cellulose and other complex carbohydrates, allowing elephants to absorb nutrients from their herbivorous diet.
Each of these structures is adapted to the specific dietary needs of the animal. Birds benefit from quick food storage and softening, cows rely on microbial fermentation to digest tough plant fibers, and elephants use their cecum to maximize nutrient absorption from a plant-based diet.
Understanding these structures highlights the diversity of digestive adaptations in animals, reflecting their evolutionary responses to dietary challenges and ecological niches.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Bird Crop
The bird crop is a pouch-like structure located in the esophagus of many birds. It serves as a storage site for food, allowing birds to consume large amounts quickly and digest it later. This adaptation is particularly useful for birds that need to eat quickly due to predation risks or those that feed their young by regurgitation.
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04:14
Birds and Synapsids
Cow Rumen
The rumen is the largest compartment of a cow's stomach, playing a crucial role in digestion. It hosts a complex community of microorganisms that break down fibrous plant material through fermentation, allowing cows to extract nutrients from cellulose-rich diets. This symbiotic relationship is essential for converting plant matter into energy and nutrients.
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10:21Stomach
Elephant Cecum
The cecum in elephants is a large, sac-like structure at the beginning of the large intestine. It functions in the fermentation of plant material, aiding in the digestion of cellulose. The cecum's microbial population helps break down tough plant fibers, allowing elephants to derive nutrients from their herbivorous diet efficiently.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
A hormone that reduces the blood glucose level is______, and a hormone that increases the blood glucose level is__________.
Textbook Question
Why is it important that the small intestine has a much greater surface area than the stomach or esophagus?
Textbook Question
Cellulose is fermented in which of the following structures in rabbits?
a. Small intestine
b. Cecum
c. Abomasum
d. Rumen
Textbook Question
Evaluate the following statements regarding digestion; select True or False for each statement.
T/F Salivary amylase completes the digestion of starch into monosaccharides.
T/F Pepsin digests proteins in the stomach.
T/F Trypsin digests disaccharides into monosaccharides.
T/F Pancreatic lipase performs the majority of chemical digestion of lipids.
Textbook Question
Why is oral rehydration therapy with a solution of sodium chloride and glucose an effective treatment for dehydration?
a. The sodium and glucose decrease urine output.
b. The sodium and glucose facilitate water absorption by the small intestine.
c. The sodium and glucose help kill intestinal bacteria.
d. The sodium and glucose make the person thirsty.