Question 1

Which of the following elements is the most abundant in organic molecules found in living organisms, excluding water?

Accepted Answer

Carbon

Question 2

Organic molecules are defined as chemical compounds that contain which of the following elements covalently bonded together?

Accepted Answer

Carbon and Hydrogen

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why carbon is an excellent building block for biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

It can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for diverse molecular structures.

Question 4

Which functional group is NOT present in the following molecule?

$$\begin{array}{c}
\mathrm{O} \
|| \
\mathrm{C} - \mathrm{OH} \
| \
\mathrm{NH}_2
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a primary class of biomolecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Question 6

What is the correct relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined together by dehydration reactions to form polymers.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about dehydration and hydrolysis reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions create polymers from monomers; hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

Question 8

Which of the following chemical formulas represents that of a simple carbohydrate (monosaccharide)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6$$

Question 9

Monosaccharides are linked together via a __________ reaction, forming a __________ bond.

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; Glycosidic

Question 10

Which of the following chemical reactions results in energy release when glycosidic bonds are broken?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 11

Animal cells store energy in the form of __________, and plant cells store energy in the form of __________.

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; starch

Question 12

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of lobsters and insects?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 13

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C}_{12}\mathrm{H}_{22}\mathrm{O}_{11}. $$Which class of carbohydrate does this molecule most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between cellulose and starch?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide in plants, while starch is an energy storage polysaccharide in plants.

Question 15

Which of the following functional groups is commonly found in amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group ($$-\mathrm{NH}_2)$$

Question 16

A dehydration synthesis reaction between two glucose molecules results in the formation of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Maltose and water

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why hydrolysis reactions are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They break down polymers into monomers, releasing energy.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer-polymer pair?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid : Protein

Question 19

A patient is unable to digest glycogen due to a missing enzyme. Which type of chemical bond is the enzyme most likely unable to break?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process by which polysaccharides are formed from monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis reactions join monosaccharides together, releasing water.

General Biology Study Notes: Organic Molecules, Biomolecules, and Carbohydrates

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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