Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During transcription, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 3

Which of the following statements about promoters is correct?

Accepted Answer

Promoters are DNA sequences where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

Question 4

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following modifications occurs to pre-mRNA before it becomes mature mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail

Question 5

Which of the following is a consequence of the redundancy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Having more than one codon that can specify the same amino acid.

Question 6

A DNA template strand has the sequence 5'-TACGGCATG-3'. What is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

$$5'-AUGCCGUAC-3'$$

Question 7

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 8

During translation, what is the function of the ribosome's A site?

Accepted Answer

It holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain.

Question 9

Which of the following mutations is most likely to have a severe effect on the resulting polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Insertion of two nucleotides

Question 10

Alternative RNA splicing allows a single gene to:

Accepted Answer

Produce multiple protein products

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the direction of synthesis during transcription is correct?

Accepted Answer

RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Prevents transcription

Question 13

A mutation changes a codon specifying a hydrophobic amino acid to one specifying a hydrophilic amino acid. This change is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be deleterious to protein structure and function

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is true?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes have binding sites for mRNA and tRNA.

Question 15

During the initiation of translation in eukaryotes, which tRNA is the first to bind to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carrying methionine

Question 16

Which of the following post-translational modifications can activate or deactivate a protein by adding a phosphate group?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 17

A section of DNA has the base sequence AGCGTACGTCAT. A mutation in this DNA strand results in the base sequence AGCGTACGTTCAT. What type of mutation does this change represent?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 18

Which of the following is required for transcription initiation in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal and redundant.

Question 20

Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Gene Expression: Transcription, Translation, and Mutations

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards