Question 1

Which process is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, and what enzyme catalyzes this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Transcription, catalyzed by RNA polymerase

Question 2

During eukaryotic transcription, which additional molecules are required for RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors

Question 3

A DNA template strand has the sequence 5'-ACTGCCAGGAAT-3'. What is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA strand?

Accepted Answer

5'-UGACGGUCCUUA-3'

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of a spliceosome in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It removes introns from pre-mRNA and joins exons.

Question 5

What is the correct order of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 6

Which modification is added to the 5' end of eukaryotic pre-mRNA during RNA processing?

Accepted Answer

5' cap (modified guanine nucleotide)

Question 7

A mutation changes the DNA sequence AGCGTTACCGT to AGGCGTTACCGT. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is true?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant, meaning multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question 9

Given the mRNA sequence 5'-AUGUCUUCGUUAUCCUUG-3', what is the resulting amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Met-Ser-Ser-Leu-Ser-Leu

Question 10

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 11

What is the function of the release factor during translation?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.

Question 12

Which of the following mutations is most likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?

Accepted Answer

Deletion of one nucleotide

Question 13

Which of the following is a reversible form of post-translational modification that can activate or deactivate a protein?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 14

During translation, which site on the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

P-site

Question 15

What is the direction of ribosome movement during translation?

Accepted Answer

5' to 3' direction of mRNA

Question 16

Which of the following processes occurs in eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A cap is added to the 5′ end of the mRNA.

Question 17

A nonsense mutation:

Accepted Answer

Causes synthesis of a polypeptide chain to be terminated prematurely.

Question 18

Which of the following statements concerning ribosomes are true?

Accepted Answer

All of the above statements are true.

Question 19

Which of the following properties is NOT shared by RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Can initiate strand synthesis.

Gene Expression: From DNA to Protein

Study Guide - Practice Questions