Question 1

Which process is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, and what enzyme catalyzes this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Transcription; RNA polymerase

Question 2

During eukaryotic transcription, which molecule is required for RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors

Question 3

A DNA template strand has the sequence 5'-ACTGCCAGGAAT-3'. What is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA strand (include directionality)?

Accepted Answer

5'-UGACGGUCCUUA-3'

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the central dogma of molecular biology is correct?

Accepted Answer

Information flows unidirectionally from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 5

What is the function of the poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA during RNA processing?

Accepted Answer

It protects the mRNA from degradation.

Question 6

Which of the following regions in a eukaryotic gene are removed during RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

Introns

Question 7

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5'-AGT-3'. What would be the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed?

Accepted Answer

3'-UCA-5'

Question 8

Which type of RNA contains codons that specify amino acids?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 9

What is the first amino acid incorporated into a polypeptide during translation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Methionine

Question 10

Which of the following mutations is most likely to have a severe effect on the resulting polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

Deletion of one nucleotide

Question 11

Which of the following is a reversible post-translational modification that can activate or deactivate a protein?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 12

During translation, which ribosomal site holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

P-site

Question 13

Given the mRNA sequence 5'-AUGUCUUCGUUAUCCUUG-3', what is the resulting amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Met-Ser-Ser-Leu-Ser-Leu

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is true?

Accepted Answer

All of the above statements are true.

Question 15

What is the role of the release factor during translation termination?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property shared by RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Can initiate strand synthesis

Question 17

A section of DNA has this base sequence: AGCGTTACCGT. A mutation in this DNA strand results in this base sequence: AGGCGTTACCGT. What type of mutation does this change represent?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 18

Which of the following best describes alternative RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

Genes are spliced in different ways to produce different products.

Question 19

Which of the following sequences of nucleotides are possible in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence Phe–Leu–Ile–Val?

Accepted Answer

3′–AAA–AAT–ATA–ACA–5′

Question 20

A nonsense mutation:

Accepted Answer

Causes synthesis of a polypeptide chain to be terminated prematurely.

Gene Expression: From DNA to Protein

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