Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which cancer cells spread to other areas of the body?

Accepted Answer

Metastasis

Question 2

Unregulated proliferation in cancer refers to:

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell growth and division

Question 3

Which type of tumor remains in a single area and does not invade other tissues?

Accepted Answer

Benign tumor

Question 4

Cancer is considered clonal because:

Accepted Answer

It derives from a single cell

Question 5

Which checkpoint ensures DNA damage is repaired before replication in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 to S transition

Question 6

What is the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

They regulate passage through cell cycle checkpoints

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a tumor suppressor gene?

Accepted Answer

p53 transcription factor

Question 8

A mutation in a tumor suppressor gene most likely results in:

Accepted Answer

Loss of ability to suppress tumor growth

Question 9

Which of the following statements about proto-oncogenes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes when mutated

Question 10

Environmental substances such as cigarette smoke can lead to cancer primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Causing mutations in DNA

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a way cancerous mutations can develop?

Accepted Answer

Activation of apoptosis pathways

Question 12

Driver mutations in cancer cells:

Accepted Answer

Provide the cancer cell a way to grow aberrantly

Question 13

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the highest concentration of Cyclin B?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor. Which of the following characteristics is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Tumor cells metastasize to other areas of the body

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells are genetically unstable?

Accepted Answer

They have a variety of mutations and chromosomal aberrations

Question 16

If a cell fails the G2 to M checkpoint, which proteins are most likely involved in this regulation?

Accepted Answer

CDC2 cyclin-dependent kinase and cyclin B

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a virus that can introduce mutations leading to cancer?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 18

Which of the following statements about tumor suppressor genes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Their normal function is to stop cell division

Question 19

Which equation best represents the relationship between cell cycle progression and cyclin concentration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{progression} \propto [Cyclin]$$

Question 20

A genetic aberration is passed onto progeny cells during cancer development. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Clonal expansion

Cancer Biology: Cell Cycle Regulation, Mutations, and Tumorigenesis

Study Guide - Practice Questions