Question 1

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the identity of an element, and how is its number determined for a neutral atom?

Accepted Answer

The proton; it is equal to the atomic number.

Question 2

Given a carbon atom with an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14, how many neutrons does it have? Use the formula $$	ext{Neutrons} = 	ext{Atomic Mass} - 	ext{Atomic Number}.$$

Accepted Answer

8

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 4

Water is considered a polar molecule. What property of water molecules causes this polarity?

Accepted Answer

The uneven distribution of charge due to oxygen's stronger pull on electrons.

Question 5

Which property of water allows it to absorb large amounts of heat with only a slight change in temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 6

A sodium atom (Na) has 11 protons and 11 electrons. If it loses one electron to become Na$$^+$$, how many electrons does it now have?

Accepted Answer

10

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water forms a meniscus in a graduated cylinder?

Accepted Answer

Adhesion between water and glass

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a solution, and what are its components?

Accepted Answer

Saltwater; salt is the solute and water is the solvent.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 10

A solution has a pH of 3.0. Which of the following statements is true about this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has more H$$^+$$ ions than OH$$^-$$ ions.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why sweating helps cool the human body?

Accepted Answer

Evaporative cooling removes heat as water evaporates from the skin.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They form between hydrogen and another atom due to high polarity.

Question 13

If an atom has 16 electrons, how are these electrons distributed among the first three energy levels? (First level: 2, Second: 8, Third: 8)

Accepted Answer

2 in the first, 8 in the second, 6 in the third

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A compound is made of different elements bonded together, while a molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water is called a 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Water is highly polar and can dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 16

Which of the following chemical equations correctly represents cellular respiration, and what are the reactants?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$; reactants are $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$ and $$6\mathrm{O_2$}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus; electrons orbit the nucleus.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in H$$_2O$$

Question 19

A student mixes iced tea mix into water. Which term best describes the iced tea mix in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Solute

Question 20

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids have a pH below 7 and release H$$^+$$ ions in solution.

Basic Chemistry for Biology: Atoms, Bonds, Water, and pH

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