Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes an atom?

Accepted Answer

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.

Question 2

Given the atomic number of carbon is 6 and its atomic mass is 12, how many neutrons does a typical carbon atom have? Use the formula $$	ext{Neutrons} = 	ext{Atomic Mass} - 	ext{Atomic Number}.$$

Accepted Answer

6

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen has a stronger pull on electrons than hydrogen, resulting in an uneven distribution of charge.

Question 4

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 5

A sodium ion (Na$$^+) $$has 11 protons. How many electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

10

Question 6

Which property of water allows it to absorb large amounts of heat without a significant rise in temperature?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat capacity

Question 7

If an atom has 16 electrons, how are they distributed among the first three energy levels? (First level: 2, Second: 8, Third: 8)

Accepted Answer

2 in the first, 8 in the second, 6 in the third

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

Accepted Answer

NaCl

Question 9

What is the main reason water is an excellent solvent for many substances?

Accepted Answer

Its high polarity allows it to dissolve ionic and polar substances.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom in another molecule.

Question 11

A solution has a pH of 3.0. Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 12

Which property of water is responsible for the meniscus observed in a graduated cylinder?

Accepted Answer

Adhesion

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why sweating cools the body?

Accepted Answer

Evaporative cooling removes heat as water changes from liquid to gas.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms.

Question 16

If a chemical equation is written as $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}}$$, how many oxygen atoms are present among the products?

Accepted Answer

18

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a solution, and what is the solvent in that solution?

Accepted Answer

Iced tea; water is the solvent

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ionic bonds form?

Accepted Answer

They form when atoms transfer electrons, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is important for life?

Accepted Answer

Low specific heat capacity

Question 20

A student mixes table salt (NaCl) into water and observes that the salt dissolves. Which property of water is most responsible for this observation?

Accepted Answer

Water’s polarity allows it to surround and separate the ions in salt.

Basic Chemistry for Biology: Atoms, Bonds, Water, and pH

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