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Stereochemistry of Monosaccharides definitions

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  • Monosaccharide
    A simple sugar molecule, often represented in biochemistry by its linear or cyclic forms, forming the basis of carbohydrates.
  • Stereochemistry
    The study of spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules, crucial for understanding molecular interactions and properties.
  • Fischer Projection
    A two-dimensional drawing method for representing three-dimensional structures of sugars, with horizontal bonds projecting outward.
  • Isomer
    A molecule sharing a chemical formula with others but differing in atom arrangement or spatial configuration.
  • Constitutional Isomer
    A molecule with the same formula as another but differing in the connectivity of its atoms, such as glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone.
  • Stereo Isomer
    A molecule with identical atom connectivity to another but differing in three-dimensional spatial arrangement.
  • Enantiomer
    A non-superimposable mirror image of another molecule, like left and right hands, differing in spatial orientation.
  • Diastereomer
    A stereoisomer that is not a mirror image of another, differing in configuration at one or more chiral centers.
  • Epimer
    A specific diastereomer differing from another only in the configuration at a single chiral carbon, exemplified by D-glucose and D-mannose.
  • Chiral Carbon
    A carbon atom bonded to four distinct chemical groups, creating a center of asymmetry in a molecule.
  • Chiral Center
    A synonym for chiral carbon, indicating a point in a molecule where four different groups are attached.
  • Hydroxyl Group
    A functional group consisting of an oxygen and hydrogen atom, often influencing stereochemistry in sugars.
  • Molecular Formula
    A notation showing the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule, used to identify isomers.