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Recap Of Insulin Signaling in Glucose Metabolism quiz

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  • What type of receptor does insulin bind to on the cell surface?
    Insulin binds to the insulin receptor, which is a receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK).
  • What is the first step that occurs after insulin binds to its receptor?
    The insulin receptor autophosphorylates on tyrosine residues, activating itself.
  • What is the role of IRS 1 in insulin signaling?
    IRS 1 acts as an adapter protein that is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor and helps activate downstream signaling proteins.
  • How does PI3K become activated in the insulin signaling pathway?
    PI3K is activated when its SH2 domain binds to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on IRS 1.
  • What reaction does activated PI3K catalyze?
    Activated PI3K converts PIP2 to PIP3 by adding a phosphate group.
  • What is the function of PIP3 in the insulin signaling pathway?
    PIP3 recruits and activates PDK1 and PKB by allowing them to associate with the plasma membrane.
  • How is PKB (Protein Kinase B) activated?
    PKB is activated when PDK1 phosphorylates it in the presence of PIP3.
  • What is the effect of activated PKB on GLUT 4 vesicles?
    Activated PKB facilitates the fusion of GLUT 4 vesicles with the plasma membrane, increasing glucose uptake.
  • What is the role of GLUT 4 in glucose metabolism?
    GLUT 4 is a glucose transporter that moves glucose from the bloodstream into the cell.
  • How does PKB affect glycogen synthesis?
    PKB phosphorylates and inactivates GSK (Glycogen Synthase Kinase), which allows glycogen synthase to remain active and synthesize glycogen.
  • What happens to blood glucose concentration as a result of insulin signaling?
    Blood glucose concentration decreases as glucose is taken up by cells and stored as glycogen.
  • What is the substrate for PI3K in the insulin signaling pathway?
    The substrate for PI3K is PIP2, which it phosphorylates to form PIP3.
  • What is the function of the SH2 domain in PI3K?
    The SH2 domain allows PI3K to bind specifically to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on IRS 1.
  • Why does inactivation of GSK promote glycogen synthesis?
    Inactivation of GSK prevents it from inactivating glycogen synthase, allowing glycogen synthase to convert glucose to glycogen.
  • What is the overall physiological effect of insulin signaling after a high glucose meal?
    The overall effect is a decrease in blood glucose concentration as glucose is taken up by cells and stored as glycogen.