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Endocytosis & Exocytosis definitions

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  • Macromolecule
    Large biological molecule, such as protein, polysaccharide, or DNA, unable to cross membranes by simple diffusion.
  • Integral Membrane Protein
    Protein embedded within the cell membrane, essential for processes like membrane fusion during transport.
  • Fusion Protein
    Specialized membrane protein facilitating the merging of vesicle and cell membranes during transport events.
  • Endocytosis
    Cellular process forming a lipid vesicle to internalize macromolecules from the external environment.
  • Exocytosis
    Cellular mechanism releasing vesicle contents, such as neurotransmitters, into the extracellular space.
  • Phagocytosis
    Type of endocytosis involving uptake of large, solid particles, often used by immune cells for defense.
  • Pinocytosis
    Form of endocytosis where small, liquid materials are internalized, commonly referred to as cellular drinking.
  • Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
    Specific pinocytosis subtype utilizing membrane receptors for selective uptake of molecules.
  • Lipid Vesicle
    Membrane-bound compartment formed during endocytosis or exocytosis, enclosing transported substances.
  • Plasma Membrane
    Cell boundary composed of a lipid bilayer, involved in vesicle fusion and macromolecule transport.
  • Extracellular Space
    Area outside the cell where substances are released during exocytosis.
  • Neurotransmitter
    Chemical messenger released from cells via exocytosis, facilitating communication between neurons.
  • Zymogen
    Inactive enzyme precursor released by exocytosis, later activated for digestive functions.
  • Receptor Protein
    Membrane protein recognizing and binding specific molecules, crucial for selective endocytosis.
  • Immunity
    Biological defense mechanism, often involving phagocytosis to protect against harmful invaders.