Textbook Question
The pre-embryo develops into a multicellular complex known as a
(a) Blastocyst
(b) Trophoblast
(c) Lacuna
(d) Blastomere
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Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology25
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization29
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure33
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses15
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System21
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation26
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity25
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System4
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes30
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance17
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 28, Problem 7
The structure(s) that allow(s) active and passive exchange between the fetal and maternal bloodstreams is/are the
(a) Yolk stalk
(b) Chorionic villi
(c) Umbilical veins
(d) Umbilical arteries
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the context of the problem, which involves the exchange of substances between fetal and maternal bloodstreams during pregnancy.
Step 2: Recall that the placenta is the organ responsible for nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between mother and fetus, and it contains specialized structures to facilitate this exchange.
Step 3: Identify the specific structures within the placenta that allow for active and passive exchange. These are the chorionic villi, which are finger-like projections that increase surface area and contain fetal blood vessels surrounded by maternal blood.
Step 4: Recognize that the yolk stalk, umbilical veins, and umbilical arteries have different roles: the yolk stalk is an early embryonic structure, while the umbilical veins and arteries transport blood but do not directly mediate exchange.
Step 5: Conclude that the chorionic villi are the correct structures that allow active and passive exchange between fetal and maternal bloodstreams.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Chorionic Villi
Chorionic villi are finger-like projections of the chorion that extend into the maternal uterine lining. They facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between fetal and maternal blood through a thin barrier, enabling both active and passive transport without direct blood mixing.
Recommended video:
0:55
Placentation Example 2
Active and Passive Exchange Mechanisms
Active exchange involves energy-dependent transport of substances like ions and nutrients against concentration gradients, while passive exchange relies on diffusion or osmosis along concentration gradients. Both mechanisms are essential for efficient fetal-maternal nutrient and gas transfer.
Recommended video:
05:05Passive vs. Active Transport
Umbilical Vessels (Veins and Arteries)
Umbilical veins carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus, while umbilical arteries transport deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. These vessels serve as conduits for blood flow but do not directly mediate exchange between maternal and fetal blood.
Recommended video:
7:42Arteries vs. Veins
Related Practice
Textbook Question
List the factors involved in initiating labor contractions.
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Textbook Question
Recessive X-linked traits
(a) Are passed from fathers to their sons
(b) Are more likely to be expressed in males
(c) Always affect some aspect of the reproductive system
(d) Are never expressed in females
(e) Cannot be passed from mothers to daughters
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Textbook Question
The stage of development that follows cleavage is the
(a) Blastocyst
(b) Morula
(c) Trophoblast
(d) Blastocoele
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Textbook Question
What are the four extra-embryonic membranes?
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Textbook Question
If an allele must be present on both the maternal and paternal chromosomes to affect the phenotype, the allele is said to be
(a) Dominant
(b) Recessive
(c) Complementary
(d) Heterozygous
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