Textbook Question
Name the primary placental hormones and their functions.
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Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology25
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization29
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure33
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses15
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System21
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation26
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity25
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System4
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes30
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance17
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 28, Problem 23b
Distinguish between the following paired terms:
(b) heterozygous and homozygous,
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand that both terms, heterozygous and homozygous, relate to the genetic makeup (genotype) of an organism at a specific gene locus.
Step 2: Define homozygous as having two identical alleles for a particular gene. This means both copies of the gene inherited from each parent are the same (e.g., AA or aa).
Step 3: Define heterozygous as having two different alleles for a particular gene. This means the two gene copies inherited from each parent differ (e.g., Aa).
Step 4: Recognize that these differences in alleles can affect the organism's traits (phenotype), depending on whether the alleles are dominant or recessive.
Step 5: Summarize by contrasting the two: homozygous means identical alleles at a gene locus, while heterozygous means different alleles at that locus.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Homozygous
Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a specific gene on both homologous chromosomes. This means the organism inherits the same version of a gene from each parent, resulting in a uniform genetic expression for that trait.
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Genotype & Phenotype
Heterozygous
Heterozygous describes having two different alleles for a particular gene on homologous chromosomes. This genetic variation can lead to dominant-recessive interactions, where one allele may mask the expression of the other.
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Alleles and Gene Expression
Alleles are different forms of a gene that determine specific traits. Understanding how alleles interact—whether identical or different—is essential to grasping the concepts of homozygosity and heterozygosity, as these interactions influence an organism's phenotype.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Indicate the type of inheritance involved in each of the following situations.
(a) Children who exhibit the trait have at least one parent who also exhibits it.
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Textbook Question
Problems involving the formation of the chorion would affect
(a) The embryo’s ability to produce blood cells
(b) The formation of limbs
(c) The embryo’s ability to derive nutrition from the mother
(d) Lung formation
(e) The urinary system
Textbook Question
Hemophilia A, a condition in which blood does not clot properly, is a recessive trait located on the X chromosome (Xʰ). Suppose that a woman who is heterozygous for this trait (XXʰ) has children with a normal male (XY). What is the probability that the couple will have daughters with hemophilia? What is the probability that the couple will have sons with hemophilia?
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Textbook Question
After implantation, how does the developing embryo obtain nutrients? What structures and processes are involved?
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