Textbook Question
What are the four opposing effects of natriuretic peptides and angiotensin II?
Ch. 18 The Endocrine System
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology25
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization29
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure33
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses15
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System21
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation26
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity25
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System4
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes30
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance17
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 18, Problem 13
What effects does parathyroid hormone have on blood calcium level?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands and plays a crucial role in regulating blood calcium levels.
Recognize that PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity, which breaks down bone matrix and releases calcium into the bloodstream.
Note that PTH enhances calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing calcium excretion in urine and thus conserving calcium in the body.
Understand that PTH indirectly increases calcium absorption from the digestive tract by stimulating the production of active vitamin D (calcitriol) in the kidneys, which promotes calcium absorption in the intestines.
Summarize that the overall effect of PTH is to raise and maintain blood calcium levels within a normal physiological range.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid hormone is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates calcium levels in the blood. It increases blood calcium by acting on bones, kidneys, and the intestines, maintaining calcium homeostasis essential for various physiological functions.
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Bone Resorption
Bone resorption is the process by which osteoclasts break down bone tissue, releasing calcium and phosphate into the bloodstream. PTH stimulates this process to increase blood calcium levels when they are low, ensuring adequate calcium availability for critical cellular activities.
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Calcium Reabsorption in Kidneys
PTH enhances calcium reabsorption in the renal tubules, reducing calcium excretion in urine. This action helps conserve calcium in the body, contributing to elevated blood calcium levels and preventing hypocalcemia.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What four cell populations make up the endocrine pancreas? Which hormone does each type of cell produce?
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Textbook Question
What six hormones primarily affect growth?
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Textbook Question
Which two hormones are released by the kidneys, and what is the importance of each hormone?
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Textbook Question
Identify the endocrine glands and tissues in the following diagram.
a. ___
b. ___
c. ___
d. ___
e. ___
f. ___
g. ___
h. ___
i. ___
j. ___
k. ___
l. ___
m. ___
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Textbook Question
A cell's hormonal sensitivities are determined by the:
(a) Chemical nature of the hormone
(b) Quantity of circulating hormone
(c) Shape of the hormone molecules
(d) Presence or absence of appropriate receptors
(e) Thickness of its plasma membrane
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