Textbook Question
Which six plexuses in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities innervate visceral organs, and what are the effects of sympathetic versus parasympathetic stimulation?
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Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology25
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization29
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure33
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses15
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System21
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation26
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity25
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System4
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes30
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance17
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 12th EditionCh. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order FunctionsProblem 21
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 12th EditionCh. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order FunctionsProblem 21Chapter 16, Problem 21
Damage to the hippocampus, a component of the limbic system, leads to
(a) A loss of emotion due to forgetfulness
(b) A loss of consciousness
(c) A loss of long-term memory
(d) An immediate loss of short-term memory
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the role of the hippocampus in the brain. The hippocampus is a critical part of the limbic system involved primarily in the formation and consolidation of new memories, especially long-term memories.
Step 2: Differentiate between types of memory. Short-term memory holds information temporarily, while long-term memory stores information over extended periods. The hippocampus is essential for converting short-term memories into long-term memories.
Step 3: Analyze the options given: (a) loss of emotion due to forgetfulness, (b) loss of consciousness, (c) loss of long-term memory, and (d) immediate loss of short-term memory. Consider which function aligns with hippocampal damage.
Step 4: Recall that damage to the hippocampus typically impairs the ability to form new long-term memories, but does not usually cause loss of consciousness or immediate loss of short-term memory.
Step 5: Conclude that the most accurate effect of hippocampal damage is related to long-term memory loss, as the hippocampus is crucial for memory consolidation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hippocampus Function
The hippocampus is a critical brain structure involved in the formation and consolidation of long-term memories. It helps convert short-term memories into stable, long-lasting ones, playing a key role in learning and spatial navigation.
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Functional Groups
Limbic System
The limbic system is a group of interconnected brain structures involved in emotion, memory, and motivation. The hippocampus is part of this system, linking emotional responses with memory processing.
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Types of Memory
Memory is broadly divided into short-term (working) memory and long-term memory. Damage to the hippocampus primarily affects the ability to form new long-term memories, while short-term memory and consciousness are generally preserved.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Dual innervation refers to situations in which
(a) Vital organs receive instructions from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
(b) The atria and ventricles of the heart receive autonomic stimulation from the same nerves.
(c) Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers have similar effects.
(d) All of these are correct.
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Textbook Question
Under which of the following circumstances would the diameter of peripheral blood vessels be greatest?
(a) Increased sympathetic stimulation
(b) Decreased sympathetic stimulation
(c) Increased parasympathetic stimulation
(d) Decreased parasympathetic stimulation
(e) Both increased parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation
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Textbook Question
Why does sympathetic function remain intact even when the anterior roots of the cervical spinal nerves are damaged?
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Textbook Question
During sympathetic stimulation, a person may begin to feel 'on edge'; this is the result of
(a) Increased energy metabolism by muscle tissue
(b) Increased cardiovascular activity
(c) Stimulation of the reticular activating system
(d) Temporary insensitivity to painful stimuli
(e) Decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood
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Textbook Question
Which four pairs of cranial nerves are associated with the cranial segment of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
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