Textbook Question
The division of the ANS that prepares the body for activity and stress is the_____division.
(a) sympathetic
(b) parasympathetic
(c) craniosacral
(d) intramural
(e) somatomotor
Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology25
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization29
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure33
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses15
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System21
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation26
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity25
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System4
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes30
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance17
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew12th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy and PhysiologyISBN: 9780137854011Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 12th EditionCh. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order FunctionsProblem 5
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew 12th EditionCh. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order FunctionsProblem 5Chapter 16, Problem 5
A progressive disorder characterized by the loss of higher-order cerebral functions is
(a) Parkinson's disease
(b) Parasomnia
(c) Huntington's disease
(d) Alzheimer's disease
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the key phrase in the question: 'progressive disorder characterized by the loss of higher-order cerebral functions.' Higher-order cerebral functions include memory, reasoning, language, and problem-solving, which are primarily associated with the cerebral cortex.
Step 2: Review the options given: (a) Parkinson's disease, (b) Parasomnia, (c) Huntington's disease, and (d) Alzheimer's disease. Consider the main characteristics of each disorder.
Step 3: Recall that Parkinson's disease mainly affects motor control due to loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the basal ganglia, not primarily higher-order cerebral functions.
Step 4: Recognize that parasomnia refers to abnormal behaviors during sleep, such as sleepwalking, and is not a progressive loss of cerebral functions.
Step 5: Differentiate between Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease: Huntington's involves motor dysfunction and cognitive decline, but Alzheimer's disease is specifically known for progressive loss of memory and other higher-order cerebral functions, making it the best fit for the description.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Higher-Order Cerebral Functions
Higher-order cerebral functions include complex brain activities such as memory, reasoning, language, and problem-solving. These functions are primarily managed by the cerebral cortex and are essential for cognitive abilities and daily functioning.
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Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of memory and other higher-order cerebral functions. It primarily affects older adults and leads to cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and impaired daily activities.
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Differentiation from Other Neurological Disorders
Understanding the differences between disorders like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and parasomnia is crucial. Parkinson's mainly affects motor control, Huntington's involves genetic neurodegeneration with movement and cognitive symptoms, while parasomnia relates to abnormal sleep behaviors.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The autonomic division of the nervous system directs
(a) Voluntary motor activity
(b) Conscious control of skeletal muscles
(c) Unconscious control of skeletal muscles
(d) Processes that maintain homeostasis
(e) Sensory input from the skin
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Textbook Question
What are the components of a visceral reflex arc?
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Textbook Question
Which four ganglia serve as origins for postganglionic fibers involved in control of visceral structures in the head?
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Textbook Question
Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the ANS include
(a) Dilation of the pupils
(b) Increased secretion by digestive glands
(c) Dilation of respiratory passages
(d) Increased heart rate
(e) Increased breakdown of glycogen by the liver
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Textbook Question
Starting in the spinal cord, trace an action potential through the sympathetic division of the ANS until it reaches a target organ in the abdominopelvic region.
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