Textbook Question
Explain how the cerebellum is physically connected to the brain stem.
Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System
Marieb, Hoehn11th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874034
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 The Human Body: An Orientation24
- Ch. 2 Chemistry Comes Alive25
- Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Units21
- Ch. 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric20
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System11
- Ch. 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues19
- Ch. 7 The Skeleton14
- Ch. 8 Joints7
- Ch. 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue26
- Ch. 10 The Muscular System26
- Ch. 11 Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue19
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System26
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity32
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System19
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses26
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System23
- Ch. 17 Blood25
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart24
- Ch. 19 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels27
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues14
- Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses27
- Ch. 22 The Respiratory System21
- Ch. 23 The Digestive System31
- Ch. 24 Nutrition, Metabolism, and Energy Balance26
- Ch. 25 The Urinary System26
- Ch. 26 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance24
- Ch. 27 The Reproductive System24
- Ch. 28 Pregnancy and Human Development25
- Ch. 29 Heredity11
Marieb, Hoehn11th EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874034Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 12, Problem 15
a. What is the advantage of having a cerebrum that is highly convoluted?
b. What term is used to indicate its grooves? Its outward folds?
c. Which groove divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres?
d. What divides the parietal from the frontal lobe? The parietal from the temporal lobe?
Verified step by step guidance1
a. Understand that the cerebrum's convolutions (folds) increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex, allowing for a greater number of neurons to be packed into the limited space of the skull. This enhances the brain's ability to process information and perform complex functions.
b. Identify the terminology for the cerebrum's surface features: the grooves or indentations are called 'sulci' (singular: sulcus), and the outward folds or raised areas are called 'gyri' (singular: gyrus).
c. Recognize the major groove that divides the cerebrum into the left and right hemispheres is the 'longitudinal fissure'. This deep groove separates the two halves of the brain.
d. Know the specific sulci that separate the lobes of the cerebrum: the 'central sulcus' divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, and the 'lateral sulcus' (also called the Sylvian fissure) separates the parietal lobe from the temporal lobe.
Summarize these anatomical features to understand how the brain's structure relates to its function and organization.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Cerebral Convolution and Surface Area
The cerebrum's convoluted surface increases its surface area, allowing for more neurons to be packed into the cortex. This enhances the brain's ability to process information, supporting complex functions like reasoning, memory, and sensory perception.
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Functional Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
Gyri and Sulci
The grooves on the cerebrum are called sulci (singular: sulcus), and the outward folds are called gyri (singular: gyrus). These structures create the brain's characteristic wrinkled appearance and help organize the cerebral cortex into functional regions.
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Major Cerebral Fissures and Lobes
The longitudinal fissure divides the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres. The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, while the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure) divides the parietal lobe from the temporal lobe, helping to define distinct brain regions.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Describe the stages of sleep and outline the order in which we progress through these stages during a typical night's sleep
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Textbook Question
a. Make a rough drawing of the lateral aspect of the left cerebral hemisphere.
b. You may be thinking, 'But I just can't draw!' So, name the hemisphere involved with most people's ability to draw.
c. On your drawing, locate the following areas and provide the major function of each: primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, somatosensory association cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, visual and auditory areas, prefrontal cortex, Wernicke's and Broca's areas.
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Textbook Question
All of the following descriptions refer to dorsal column–medial lemniscal ascending pathways except one:
a. They include the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus.
b. They include a chain of three neurons.
c. Their connections are diffuse and poorly localized.
d. They are concerned with precise transmission of one or a few related types of sensory input.
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Textbook Question
A number of brain structures are listed below. If an area is primarily gray matter, write a in the answer blank; if mostly white matter, respond with b.
________ (1) cerebral cortex
________ (2) corpus callosum and corona radiata
________ (3) red nucleus
________ (4) medial and lateral nuclear groups
________ (5) medial lemniscus
________ (6) cranial nerve nuclei
________ (7) spinothalamic tract
________ (8) fornix
________ (9) cingulate and precentral gyri
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Textbook Question
A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that has caused dysfunction of the precentral gyrus of his right cerebral cortex. As a result:
a. He cannot voluntarily move his left arm or leg.
b. He feels no sensation on the left side of his body.
c. He feels no sensation on his right side.
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