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Ch. 3 The Cell
Amerman- Human Anatomy & Physiology 3e
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksAmerman 3rd EditionCh. 3 The CellProblem 9
Chapter 3, Problem 9

Match the following terms with the correct functions.
Peroxisome     
Ribosome     
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum     
Mitochondrion     
Golgi apparatus     
Lysosome     
Rough endoplasmic reticulum     
Vesicle
a. Modifies and folds proteins into the correct structure
b. Modifies, packages, and sorts proteins
c. Contains digestive enzymes
d. Granular organelle that makes proteins
e. Synthesizes most of a cell’s ATP
f. Contains enzymes that oxidize toxins and fatty acids
g. Membrane-enclosed structure used to transport substances through the cell
h. Detoxifies certain chemicals, makes lipids, stores calcium ions

Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Understand the function of each organelle listed in the problem. For example, peroxisomes contain enzymes that oxidize toxins and fatty acids, while ribosomes are granular organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Step 2: Match each organelle to its corresponding function based on its role in the cell. For instance, the mitochondrion synthesizes most of a cell's ATP, and the Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and sorts proteins.
Step 3: Pay attention to the specific keywords in the functions provided. For example, 'digestive enzymes' clearly point to lysosomes, and 'detoxifies certain chemicals, makes lipids, stores calcium ions' aligns with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Step 4: Use the structural and functional characteristics of the organelles to match them accurately. For example, the rough endoplasmic reticulum modifies and folds proteins into the correct structure due to its association with ribosomes.
Step 5: Ensure that the membrane-enclosed structure used to transport substances through the cell is identified as a vesicle, based on its role in cellular transport.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cell Organelles

Cell organelles are specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions necessary for cellular operation. Each organelle has a unique role, such as energy production, protein synthesis, or detoxification. Understanding the functions of these organelles is crucial for grasping how cells maintain homeostasis and respond to their environment.
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Protein Synthesis and Processing

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells create proteins, essential for various cellular functions. Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus are key players in this process, where proteins are synthesized, modified, and sorted for transport. Recognizing the roles of these structures helps in understanding how proteins are produced and utilized within the cell.
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Metabolic Functions of Organelles

Different organelles are involved in various metabolic functions that are vital for cell survival. For instance, mitochondria are responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration, while peroxisomes detoxify harmful substances. Familiarity with these metabolic roles aids in comprehending how cells manage energy and waste, contributing to overall cellular health.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Match the term with its appropriate definition. 

Osmosis    

Secondary active transport    

Exocytosis    

Phagocytosis    

Simple diffusion    

Primary active transport    

Pinocytosis    

Facilitated diffusion

a. Type of endocytosis in which a large particle is ingested

b. Transport across the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient via direct use of energy from ATP

c. Passive movement of solute across the plasma membrane

d. Movement of solvent from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration

e. Passive movement of solute across the plasma membrane via a channel or carrier protein

f. Type of endocytosis in which ECF is brought into the cell in a protein-coated pit

g. Release of large substances from the cell through a vesicle

h. Transport of a substance across the plasma membrane against its concentration gradient using the energy from the 'downhill' movement of another substance

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Textbook Question

Explain how the members of the endomembrane system interact.

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Textbook Question

A hypotonic solution will cause water to move ________the cell, and the cell will ______.

A hypertonic solution will cause water to move ______the cell, and the cell will ________.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements about the cytoskeleton as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The cilia found on sperm cells propel the cells through a liquid medium.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements about the cytoskeleton as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Actin filaments combine with myosin motor proteins to provide the cell with mechanical strength.

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Textbook Question

What is the primary difference between active transport processes and passive transport processes?

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