Textbook Question
Our somatic cells' DNA is distributed among 46 ________ in the nucleus.
a. Nucleosomes
b. Chromatids
c. Nucleoli
d. Chromosomes
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Ch. 3 The Cell
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology24
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life37
- Ch. 3 The Cell54
- Ch. 4 Histology46
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System35
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System41
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart28
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity41
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 3, Problem 15a
Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.
In a gene, each nucleotide specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the incorrect statement: The claim that each nucleotide in a gene specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence is false. Instead, groups of three nucleotides (called codons) specify one amino acid.
Correct the statement: Replace 'each nucleotide specifies one amino acid' with 'each codon, which is a sequence of three nucleotides, specifies one amino acid in a protein sequence.'
Explain the concept of codons: A codon is a triplet of nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during translation. For example, the codon AUG specifies the amino acid methionine and also serves as the start codon.
Clarify the role of nucleotides: Individual nucleotides (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil in RNA) are the building blocks of codons, but they do not directly specify amino acids on their own. It is the combination of three nucleotides that forms a codon and determines the amino acid.
Relate to protein synthesis: During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA sequence in groups of three nucleotides (codons) and uses tRNA molecules to bring the corresponding amino acids, which are then linked together to form a protein.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Genetic Code
The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA corresponds to the sequence of amino acids in proteins. It is based on codons, which are groups of three nucleotides that specify a single amino acid. This means that each amino acid is encoded by one or more codons, not by individual nucleotides.
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Genetic Code
Codons
Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids during protein synthesis. Since there are 64 possible codons but only 20 amino acids, some amino acids are encoded by multiple codons, illustrating the redundancy of the genetic code. This redundancy helps protect against mutations that could alter protein function.
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11:39How to Use the Genetic Code
Translation Process
Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in mRNA. During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons and assembles the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain. This process involves various molecules, including tRNA, which carries amino acids to the ribosome, ensuring that the correct amino acids are added in the proper sequence.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Explain how and why chromatin is condensed in the nucleus.
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Textbook Question
Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.
The enzyme RNA polymerase builds a strand of transfer RNA, whose codons are complementary to DNA's triplets.
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Textbook Question
Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.
Proteins destined for secretion from the cell enter the nucleus after translation, to be folded and modified.
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Textbook Question
Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.
A transcription factor must bind to the promoter region of a gene before the enzyme DNA synthetase is able to bind and begin transcription.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of the nucleolus?
a. Within the nucleolus we find genes for rRNA.
b. Nucleoli manufacture mitochondrial proteins for export to the cytosol.
c. Nucleoli assemble the nuclear envelope.
d. The nucleolus contains the genes that form the Golgi apparatus.
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