Ch. 22 The Digestive System

Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook

Amerman 3rd Edition

Ch. 22 The Digestive System

Problem 10

Chapter 22, Problem 10

Which of the following statements about accessory organ secretions is not true?
a. Hepatocytes produce bile, which drains out of the liver via the common hepatic ducts.
b. Saliva contains secretory IgA and lysozyme, which play an important role in preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity.
c. Pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions to neutralize the acidic chyme.
d. The gallbladder produces bile, which drains out of the gallbladder via the cystic duct.

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the role of accessory organs in the digestive system. Accessory organs include the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands. Each of these organs produces or stores substances that aid in digestion.

Step 2: Analyze each statement provided in the question. For each statement, determine whether it accurately describes the function or secretion of the accessory organ mentioned.

Step 3: For statement (a), recall that hepatocytes (liver cells) produce bile, which is transported out of the liver via the common hepatic ducts. This is a true statement.

Step 4: For statement (b), note that saliva contains secretory IgA and lysozyme, which are antimicrobial agents that help prevent bacterial growth in the oral cavity. This is also a true statement.

Step 5: For statement (d), evaluate whether the gallbladder produces bile. The gallbladder does not produce bile; it stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. This makes statement (d) incorrect, as bile drains out of the gallbladder via the cystic duct but is not produced there.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Accessory Organs of Digestion

Accessory organs of digestion include the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, which play crucial roles in the digestive process. The liver produces bile, the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, and the gallbladder stores and concentrates bile. Understanding the functions of these organs is essential for analyzing statements about their secretions.

Bile Production and Function

Bile is produced by hepatocytes in the liver and is essential for the emulsification and digestion of fats. It is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine via the common bile duct. Recognizing the correct pathways and functions of bile is vital for evaluating statements regarding its production and drainage.

Components of Saliva

Saliva is a complex fluid produced by salivary glands, containing enzymes, electrolytes, and antimicrobial agents like secretory IgA and lysozyme. These components help in the initial digestion of food and protect the oral cavity from pathogens. Understanding the role of saliva is important for assessing its contributions to oral health and digestion.

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Saliva

Related Practice

Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Smooth muscle of the stomach contracts when food enters from the esophagus.

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Textbook Question

How does absorption of lipids differ from absorption of carbohydrates and proteins in the small intestine?

a. Lipids are absorbed into a capillary; carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed into a lacteal.

b. Lipids are not absorbed in the small intestine.

c. Lipids are absorbed into a lacteal; carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed into a capillary.

d. They are all absorbed into the same structure.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The esophageal and pharyngeal phases of swallowing are mediated by the swallowing reflex of the brainstem and the enteric nervous system.

Textbook Question

Match the following terms with the correct definition.

__Chief cells

__Parietal cells

__Gastrin

__Pyloric sphincter

__Diffuse neuroendocrine (DNES) cells

__Gastroesophageal sphincter

__Pepsin

__Chyme

a. Hormone that stimulates multiple digestive processes

b. Enzyme that begins protein digestion

c. Produce acid and intrinsic factor

d. Liquid produced as a result of stomach churning

e. Produce pepsinogen

f. Cells in gastric glands that produce hormones

g. Controls passage of bolus from esophagus to stomach

h. Controls passage of stomach contents to duodenum

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Textbook Question

Which of the following best describes the microscopic structure of the liver?

a. Hexagonal plates of hepatocytes surrounding a central vein with portal triads at each corner

b. Octagonal plates of hepatocytes surrounding a central artery with portal triads at each corner

c. Irregular groups of hepatocytes surrounding a central vein with bile ducts at each corner

d. Hexagonal plates of hepatocytes surrounding a portal vein with bile ducts at each corner

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Textbook Question

What are the three folds of the small intestine called? What is their purpose?

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