Textbook Question
Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches.
What part of the immune response is likely producing these symptoms?
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Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology24
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life37
- Ch. 3 The Cell54
- Ch. 4 Histology46
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System35
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System41
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart28
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity41
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 20, Problem L2.1c
Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches.
c. What might it mean if lymphocytes instead of neutrophils were elevated? Explain your reasoning.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the immune system: Neutrophils are the first responders to bacterial infections and are part of the innate immune system. Lymphocytes, including T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, are part of the adaptive immune system and are more involved in viral infections or chronic immune responses.
Analyze the significance of elevated lymphocytes: Elevated lymphocytes typically indicate the body is responding to a viral infection rather than a bacterial one. This is because lymphocytes are specialized in identifying and targeting virus-infected cells.
Relate the symptoms to the immune response: Flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, and body aches are commonly associated with viral infections. If lymphocytes are elevated, it supports the hypothesis that Eileen's symptoms are due to a viral infection, such as influenza.
Consider the reasoning behind the immune system's response: The elevation of lymphocytes suggests that the adaptive immune system is actively working to combat the virus. This involves processes like the production of antibodies by B cells and the destruction of infected cells by T cells.
Conclude the importance of the observation: Elevated lymphocytes instead of neutrophils provide a clue to the type of pathogen causing the illness. This information can guide further diagnostic tests or treatments, such as antiviral medications rather than antibiotics, which target bacterial infections.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune response. They are primarily involved in recognizing and responding to specific pathogens, such as viruses. An elevation in lymphocytes often indicates a viral infection or a chronic inflammatory condition, as they are typically activated in response to these types of challenges.
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Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are another type of white blood cell, essential for the innate immune response. They are the first responders to sites of infection, particularly bacterial infections, and are characterized by their ability to engulf and destroy pathogens. A decrease in neutrophils, or neutropenia, can suggest a shift in the immune response, often indicating a viral infection or bone marrow suppression.
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Differential White Blood Cell Count
A differential white blood cell count is a laboratory test that measures the percentage of different types of white blood cells in the blood. This test helps in diagnosing various conditions by indicating the nature of the immune response. An increase in lymphocytes relative to neutrophils can suggest a viral infection, while a predominance of neutrophils typically points to bacterial infections.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Complement proteins are crucial for stimulating phagocytes to clear immune complexes. Predict what type of hypersensitivity disorder might result from complement deficiencies. Explain what other consequences might arise from a complement deficiency.
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Textbook Question
Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches.
You order blood work and find that the number of neutrophils in the blood is greatly elevated. What does this tell you about the likely type of pathogen involved? Explain.
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Lymphatic vessels constitute a one-way system that delivers interstitial fluid from the blood vessels to the extracellular space.
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Textbook Question
Terrence has severe asthma and allergies, and is placed on a medication that blocks the functioning of IgE. How would this medication alleviate his symptoms?
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