Textbook Question
Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are released into the _____ system and affect secretion from the _____ gland.
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Ch. 16 The Endocrine System
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology24
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life37
- Ch. 3 The Cell54
- Ch. 4 Histology46
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System35
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System41
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart28
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity41
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 16, Problem 7
The thyroid gland consists of:
a. Follicle cells that secrete calcitonin
b. Spherical thyroid follicles that contain iodine-containing colloid
c. Parafollicular cells that produce thyroid hormones
d. Spherical thyroid follicles that surround parathyroid hormone–secreting cells
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Begin by identifying the primary components of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ located in the neck, and its main functional units are the thyroid follicles and parafollicular cells.
Step 2: Understand the role of thyroid follicles. These spherical structures are lined by follicle cells, which are responsible for producing thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). Inside the follicles, there is a colloid substance that contains iodine, essential for hormone synthesis.
Step 3: Clarify the function of parafollicular cells (also known as C cells). These cells are located outside the thyroid follicles and are responsible for secreting calcitonin, a hormone involved in calcium homeostasis.
Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options based on the anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland. For example, follicle cells do not secrete calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands, not the thyroid follicles.
Step 5: Match the correct description of the thyroid gland to the options provided. Focus on the accurate anatomical and functional details, such as spherical thyroid follicles containing iodine-rich colloid and parafollicular cells producing calcitonin.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Thyroid Gland Structure
The thyroid gland is composed of spherical structures called thyroid follicles, which are lined with follicle cells. These cells are responsible for synthesizing and secreting thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism. The follicles contain a colloid rich in thyroglobulin, a precursor to these hormones, and iodine is essential for their production.
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The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Example 2
Calcitonin and Parafollicular Cells
Parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, are located in the thyroid gland and produce calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity in bones and promoting calcium excretion in the kidneys. Understanding the role of these cells is crucial for comprehending calcium homeostasis.
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Parathyroid Hormone
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands, which are separate from the thyroid gland but often discussed together due to their proximity. PTH plays a critical role in regulating calcium levels in the body by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, reabsorption in the kidneys, and releasing calcium from bones. This balance between PTH and calcitonin is vital for maintaining calcium homeostasis.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following correctly describes the functions of the endocrine system?
a. Transport of blood through the body and through the lungs
b. Regulation of body functions through hormone secretion
c. Regulation of body functions through nerve impulses
d. Immunity and returning extra tissue fluid to the blood vessels
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Textbook Question
Which of the following is not an effect of thyroid hormones?
a. Regulation of the metabolic rate
b. Promotion of growth and development
c. Thermoregulation
d. Synergism with the parasympathetic nervous system
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Thyroxine (T4) is the more active of the two thyroid hormone
Textbook Question
List the target tissues and effects of the following anterior pituitary gland hormones.
a. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
c. Prolactin
d. Gonadotropins
e. Growth hormone
Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
About 90% of the thyroid hormone produced is triiodothyronine (T3).