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Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis
Amerman- Human Anatomy & Physiology 3e
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksAmerman 3rd EditionCh. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and HomeostasisProblem 11
Chapter 14, Problem 11

Match the following neurotransmitters with their correct description.    


_____ GABA    
_____ Dopamine     
_____ Substance P     
_____ Acetylcholine    
_____ Glutamate     
_____ Endorphins     
_____ Norepinephrine


a. Neuropeptide involved in transmission of pain
b. Neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction
c. Major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
d. Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
e. Neuropeptide involved in relief of pain
f. Catecholamine involved in the autonomic nervous system
g. Catecholamine involved in movement and behavior

Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the problem: You are tasked with matching neurotransmitters to their correct descriptions. Each neurotransmitter has a specific role or function in the nervous system, and the descriptions provided correspond to these roles.
Step 1: Identify the neurotransmitter GABA. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Match GABA with description 'd'.
Step 2: Identify the neurotransmitter Dopamine. Dopamine is a catecholamine involved in movement and behavior. Match Dopamine with description 'g'.
Step 3: Identify the neurotransmitter Substance P. Substance P is a neuropeptide involved in the transmission of pain. Match Substance P with description 'a'.
Step 4: Identify the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction and is involved in muscle contraction. Match Acetylcholine with description 'b'.
Step 5: Identify the neurotransmitter Glutamate. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Match Glutamate with description 'c'.
Step 6: Identify the neurotransmitter Endorphins. Endorphins are neuropeptides involved in the relief of pain. Match Endorphins with description 'e'.
Step 7: Identify the neurotransmitter Norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is a catecholamine involved in the autonomic nervous system. Match Norepinephrine with description 'f'.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses between neurons. They play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including mood, pain perception, and motor control. Each neurotransmitter has specific functions and effects on the body, influencing everything from emotional responses to muscle contractions.
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Inhibitory vs. Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters can be classified as inhibitory or excitatory based on their effects on the postsynaptic neuron. Inhibitory neurotransmitters, like GABA, decrease the likelihood of a neuron firing, while excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, increase this likelihood. Understanding this distinction is essential for grasping how neurotransmitters influence neural communication and overall brain function.
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Neuropeptides

Neuropeptides are a type of neurotransmitter that consists of short chains of amino acids. They often function as modulators, influencing the activity of other neurotransmitters and playing roles in pain regulation, stress response, and emotional behavior. Examples include substance P, which is involved in pain transmission, and endorphins, which help alleviate pain and induce feelings of pleasure.
Related Practice
Textbook Question

________ receptors are located on parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, and________ receptors are located on parasympathetic target cells.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Sympathetic tone controls the resting rate of the heart.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The crossed-extension reflex occurs simultaneously with the simple stretch reflex.

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Textbook Question

Parasympathetic ganglia are typically:

a. Located along the spinal cord

b. Located near their target cells

c. Located within the central nervous system

d. Parasympathetic neurons do not synapse in ganglia

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Textbook Question

Central nervous system control over the ANS is mediated by:

a. The reticular formation

b. The hypothalamus

c. The thalamus

d. Both a and b

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

During exercise, the parasympathetic nervous system increases the metabolic rate.

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