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Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology
Amerman- Human Anatomy & Physiology 3e
Amerman3rd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780138247201, 9780138247928, 9780138201814Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksAmerman 3rd EditionCh. 10 Muscle Tissue and PhysiologyProblem 16
Chapter 10, Problem 16

Which of the following is not likely to result from endurance training alone?
a. Increase in oxidative enzymes in the muscle fiber
b. Increased numbers of mitochondria
c. Hypertrophy of the muscle fibers
d. Increase in blood supply to the muscle fibers

Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the context of the question: Endurance training primarily focuses on improving the efficiency of the cardiovascular and muscular systems to sustain prolonged physical activity. It typically enhances aerobic capacity rather than significantly increasing muscle size.
Analyze each option: a) 'Increase in oxidative enzymes in the muscle fiber' is a common adaptation to endurance training, as it improves the muscle's ability to use oxygen for energy production. b) 'Increased numbers of mitochondria' is another hallmark of endurance training, as mitochondria are essential for aerobic metabolism. c) 'Hypertrophy of the muscle fibers' refers to an increase in muscle fiber size, which is more commonly associated with resistance training rather than endurance training. d) 'Increase in blood supply to the muscle fibers' is a typical adaptation to endurance training, as it enhances oxygen and nutrient delivery.
Focus on the physiological mechanisms: Endurance training leads to increased capillary density and mitochondrial biogenesis, which improve oxygen delivery and energy production. However, it does not typically cause significant hypertrophy (muscle fiber enlargement), which is more characteristic of strength or resistance training.
Eliminate the options that are consistent with endurance training: Options a, b, and d are all physiological changes that occur as a result of endurance training. These adaptations improve the muscle's ability to sustain prolonged activity.
Identify the correct answer: The option that does not align with the typical outcomes of endurance training is c) 'Hypertrophy of the muscle fibers,' as this is more associated with resistance training rather than endurance training.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Endurance Training

Endurance training, also known as aerobic training, focuses on improving the efficiency of the cardiovascular system and the muscles' ability to utilize oxygen. This type of training typically involves prolonged, moderate-intensity activities such as running, cycling, or swimming. The primary adaptations include increased aerobic capacity and improved metabolic processes within muscle fibers.
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Muscle Fiber Adaptations

Muscle fibers can adapt to different types of training stimuli. Endurance training primarily leads to an increase in oxidative enzymes and mitochondrial density, enhancing the muscle's ability to produce energy aerobically. However, hypertrophy, or an increase in muscle fiber size, is more commonly associated with resistance training rather than endurance training.
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Hypertrophy vs. Endurance Adaptations

Hypertrophy refers to the increase in muscle fiber size, which is typically stimulated by resistance training through mechanical overload. In contrast, endurance training leads to adaptations that improve muscle endurance and efficiency, such as increased mitochondrial content and capillary density, but does not significantly promote hypertrophy. Understanding this distinction is crucial for identifying the outcomes of different training modalities.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Which of the following factors is/are responsible for muscular fatigue?

a. Accumulation of chemicals, including calcium and phosphate ions & increased blood flow to the muscle

b. Decreased availability of oxygen

c. Psychological and environmental factors

d. Depletion of key metabolic fuels, such as creatine phosphate

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Textbook Question

Which of the following types of muscle fibers have low myosin ATPase activity and are classified as slow-twitch?

a. Type I fibers

b. Type IIa fibers

c. Type IIx fibers

d. Type III fibers

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Textbook Question

Resistance-type activities will likely rely on _______ energy sources, whereas endurance activities will probably rely on _____ energy sources.

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Textbook Question

List some of the functions of smooth muscle tissue.

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Textbook Question

What is thought to cause excess postexercise oxygen consumption?

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Textbook Question

Muscle tone is:

a. The result of voluntary shortening of the muscle.

b. The result of a small amount of involuntary activation of motor units by the nervous system.

c. Abnormal—a person's muscles should be relaxed normally.

d. Present only where there is damage to the nervous system.

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