Textbook Question
As a percentage of body weight, the total body water tends to be higher in ________ and lower in ________ .
a. infants; men
b. women; men
c. men; infants
d. infants; women
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Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 25, Problem 5
A cell in a/an ________ fluid will lose water, and a cell in a/an ________ fluid will gain water.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of tonicity, which refers to the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water. Tonicity is determined by the concentration of solutes in the solution relative to the solutes inside the cell.
Step 2: Define the three types of solutions based on tonicity: hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell, a hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell, and an isotonic solution has an equal solute concentration to the cell.
Step 3: Analyze the behavior of water movement in a hypertonic solution. Water moves out of the cell into the surrounding solution due to osmosis, causing the cell to lose water and shrink (crenation in animal cells).
Step 4: Analyze the behavior of water movement in a hypotonic solution. Water moves into the cell from the surrounding solution due to osmosis, causing the cell to gain water and potentially swell or burst (lysis in animal cells).
Step 5: Fill in the blanks based on the above analysis: A cell in a hypertonic fluid will lose water, and a cell in a hypotonic fluid will gain water.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. This process is crucial for maintaining cell turgor and overall homeostasis. Understanding osmosis helps explain how cells interact with their surrounding fluids, particularly in terms of water loss and gain.
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Osmosis
Hypertonic Solution
A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of a cell. When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell to balance solute concentrations, leading to cell shrinkage or crenation. This concept is essential for understanding why cells lose water in certain environments.
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02:19Homogenous vs. Heterogenous Solutions
Hypotonic Solution
A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than the inside of a cell. When a cell is immersed in a hypotonic solution, water enters the cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst. This concept is vital for understanding how cells gain water and the effects of different fluid environments on cellular integrity.
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02:19Homogenous vs. Heterogenous Solutions
Related Practice
Textbook Question
A laboratory printout of arterial blood gases indicates that a patient has an increased Pco₂ , decreased pH, and normal bicarbonate ion concentration. Is this patient in acidosis or alkalosis? Is the pH disturbance respiratory or metabolic in nature? Explain your reasoning. How long do you think the patient has had this pH disturbance? (Hint: Look at the bicarbonate ion concentration. What system controls the concentration of bicarbonate ions, and how quickly does it compensate for pH disturbances?)
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. The sensible water loss includes the water lost from the body via the skin and the respiratory system.
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. The main hormone that regulates fluid balance is antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
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Textbook Question
Ms. Johanssen is a patient in the hospital. The nurse examines her laboratory reports and notices that she has developed hyperkalemia and acidosis over the past several days. On closer examination of her medical chart, the nurse also sees that her physician recently doubled her dose of spironolactone, an aldosterone-blocking diuretic. How does this explain her laboratory findings?
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. The thirst mechanism is mediated by osmoreceptors located in the cerebral cortex.
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