Textbook Question
The two pressures within the systemic arterial circuit are the_____ pressure and _____ pressure. The difference between these two pressures is the_____ pressure.
Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 18, Problem 4
Which of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance?
a. Increased blood viscosity
b. Shorter vessel
c. Vasodilation
d. An increase in vessel radius
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of peripheral resistance: Peripheral resistance refers to the resistance to blood flow in the blood vessels, primarily influenced by vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length.
Analyze the effect of blood viscosity: Increased blood viscosity (thicker blood) leads to greater resistance because thicker blood is harder to move through vessels. This factor increases peripheral resistance.
Evaluate the impact of vessel length: Shorter vessels reduce the distance blood must travel, which decreases resistance. Therefore, shorter vessels do not increase peripheral resistance.
Examine the role of vasodilation: Vasodilation refers to the widening of blood vessels, which decreases resistance by increasing the vessel diameter. This factor reduces peripheral resistance.
Consider the effect of vessel radius: An increase in vessel radius decreases resistance because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the radius, as described by Poiseuille's law: \( R = \frac{8 \eta L}{\pi r^4} \), where \( R \) is resistance, \( \eta \) is viscosity, \( L \) is vessel length, and \( r \) is radius. Therefore, an increase in vessel radius reduces peripheral resistance.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Peripheral Resistance
Peripheral resistance refers to the resistance to blood flow in the small blood vessels, primarily arterioles. It is a crucial factor in determining blood pressure and is influenced by the diameter of the blood vessels, blood viscosity, and the overall length of the vascular system. Increased peripheral resistance can lead to higher blood pressure and is a key consideration in cardiovascular health.
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Peripheral Nervous System
Blood Viscosity
Blood viscosity is a measure of the thickness and stickiness of blood, which affects how easily it flows through the vessels. Higher viscosity means that the blood is thicker, which increases resistance to flow and can elevate peripheral resistance. Factors such as dehydration or increased red blood cell count can lead to increased blood viscosity.
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6:11Functions of Blood
Vessel Radius
The radius of a blood vessel significantly impacts peripheral resistance, as described by Poiseuille's law. A smaller radius increases resistance, while a larger radius decreases it. Vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) decreases resistance, whereas vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) increases it, making vessel radius a critical factor in regulating blood flow and pressure.
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4:59Blood Vessels
Related Practice
Textbook Question
You are babysitting two children who are having a contest to see who can hang upside-down for the longest time. At the end of the contest, both children feel dizzy and are worried they are sick. Explain to them why they feel this way and why the effect is only temporary. (Hint: Consider how the baroreceptor reflex responds when a person hangs upside-down.)
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Textbook Question
Which of the following would produce a decrease in blood pressure?
a. Increased cardiac output
b. Vasodilation
c. Vasoconstriction
d. Increased blood volume
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Textbook Question
Fill in the blanks: The coronary arteries are the first branches off the ________. The right coronary artery becomes the ________ on the posterior side of the heart. The left coronary artery branches into the ________ and the ________.
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Textbook Question
Match the following terms with the correct definition.
____ Auricle
____ Aorta
____ Coronary sinus
____ Papillary muscle
____ Fossa ovalis
____ Pectinate muscle
____ Venae cavae
____ Pulmonary trunk
____ Chordae tendineae
____ Pulmonary veins
a. Drainage point for the coronary veins
b. Extensions that attach papillary muscles to valves
c. Remnant of a hole present in the fetal interatrial septum
d. Two largest veins of the systemic circuit
e. Flaplike extension from the right or left atrium
f. Finger-like projections of ventricular muscle
g. Main artery of the pulmonary circuit
h. Veins that drain the pulmonary circuit
i. Largest artery of the systemic circuit
j. Ridges of muscle in the atria
Textbook Question
Ms. Rodgers has been diagnosed with secretion of inappropriate ADH syndrome (SIADH). What effect will SIADH have on the amount of water in her body? What symptoms would you expect from this condition? How would it affect her blood pressure and net filtration pressure?
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