Textbook Question
Predict the effects of a pancreatic tumor that secretes insulin. How would the effects change if the tumor secreted glucagon instead?
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Ch. 16 The Endocrine System
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 16, Problem 3
Which of the following hormones is/are produced by the posterior pituitary?
a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Oxytocin
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the role of the posterior pituitary gland. The posterior pituitary does not produce hormones itself; instead, it stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
Step 2: Identify the two main hormones associated with the posterior pituitary. These are antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin) and oxytocin, both synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary for storage and release.
Step 3: Clarify the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH helps regulate water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Step 4: Clarify the function of oxytocin. Oxytocin is involved in uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Step 5: Based on the information above, determine whether the posterior pituitary is associated with the release of both hormones (ADH and oxytocin), neither, or just one of them.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Posterior Pituitary Gland
The posterior pituitary gland, also known as the neurohypophysis, is a part of the endocrine system that stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. It does not synthesize hormones itself but plays a crucial role in the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin into the bloodstream.
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Posterior Pituitary
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It regulates water balance in the body by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating urine and reducing water loss, which is vital for maintaining fluid homeostasis.
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Oxytocin
Oxytocin is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It plays a significant role in childbirth by stimulating uterine contractions and is also involved in social bonding, emotional responses, and lactation, making it essential for maternal behaviors and attachment.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Mr. Montez is a patient with type I diabetes mellitus. He presents with dizziness, rapid breathing, confusion, and weakness. You find out that he forgot to inject his normal dose of insulin this morning. Will his blood glucose concentration be normal? Explain. Your colleague suggests that Mr. Montez needs to ingest some sugar. Is this going to help him? Why or why not?
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Textbook Question
Ms. Reczkiewicz has her thyroid gland removed to treat hyperthyroidism. Her condition is stable after surgery, but one day later she develops symptoms of severe hypocalcemia. What has happened? How would you correct this problem?
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Textbook Question
Females with hormone-secreting tumors of the adrenal cortex occasionally develop male secondary sex characteristics. Explain why this may happen.
Textbook Question
A patient has a brain tumor that necessitates removal of his pituitary gland. Will its removal affect production of ADH and oxytocin? Explain.
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Textbook Question
You have read that aldosterone causes sodium ion retention from the kidneys. How would blocking aldosterone secretion decrease the amount of water retained from the fluid in the kidneys?
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