Question 1

Which statement best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in human anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The structure of alveoli in the lungs increases surface area, allowing efficient gas exchange.

Question 2

A biologist uses MRI data to compare the shape of the stomach, pyloric sphincter, and esophagus in subjects with and without heartburn. Is this approach more anatomical or physiological?

Accepted Answer

Anatomical

Question 3

Which example best describes the close relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The structure of the heart valves causes the blood to flow in only one direction when the heart pumps.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of anatomical variation that could lead to medical error?

Accepted Answer

Variation in the branching pattern of hepatic arteries supplying the liver.

Question 5

Which activity would most likely be performed by someone who considers themselves a physiologist?

Accepted Answer

Grow liver cells in culture to measure how quickly they metabolize alcohol in different conditions.

Question 6

Which statement about the levels of organization in anatomy and physiology is most correct?

Accepted Answer

Changes to anatomy or physiology at one level are likely to affect function at many other levels.

Question 7

During a cancer screening, a doctor may choose to screen using histological or cytological methods. Cytological methods are often less invasive than histological methods. Why?

Accepted Answer

Cytology usually looks at individual cells which can be collected without greatly disturbing the entire tissue.

Question 8

Which of the following best defines physiology?

Accepted Answer

The study of the body's functions.

Question 9

A person who lifts weights regularly will typically have bones that are more dense and new structure internally compared to someone who does not lift weights. This difference is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

A difference in physiology.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating body mass index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$ BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{height^2\ (m^2)} $$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a reason why textbooks usually present only one blood vessel branching structure for the liver?

Accepted Answer

It accurately represents all anatomical variations found in every individual.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about reference bodies in anatomy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Reference bodies are used for learning anatomy, but there is extreme variation among individuals.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The network of alveoli increases surface area, allowing efficient exchange of $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2.$$

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct order of levels of organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atomic and molecular level, macromolecule level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organism level

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a physiological study?

Accepted Answer

Measuring the change in pH of stomach acid before and after eating and comparing it to the amount of heartburn reported.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about anatomical variation is true?

Accepted Answer

Anatomical variation can make defining 'normal' difficult and may lead to medical errors if not considered.

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