Question 1

Which statement best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The structure of the heart valves causes the blood to flow in only one direction when the heart pumps.

Question 2

Why is it important to have some knowledge of anatomy in order to study physiology?

Accepted Answer

It is important because how something functions (physiology) is directly dependent on its structure (anatomy).

Question 3

Given the following 5 levels of organization, which represents the correct hierarchy from smallest to largest? A) Tissue B) Organ C) Molecule D) Cell E) Organism

Accepted Answer

C, D, A, B, E

Question 4

Statins are medications that lower cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase in the liver. At what level of organization do statins work most directly?

Accepted Answer

Cellular level

Question 5

A biologist uses MRI data to compare the shape of the stomach, pyloric sphincter, and esophagus for 100 subjects who complain of regular heartburn and 100 subjects who do not. Is this approach more anatomical or physiological?

Accepted Answer

Anatomical

Question 6

Which of the following activities would most likely be performed by someone that considers themselves a physiologist?

Accepted Answer

Grow liver cells in culture to measure how quickly they metabolize alcohol in different conditions.

Question 7

Which statement about the levels of organization in anatomy and physiology is most correct?

Accepted Answer

Changes to anatomy or physiology at one level are likely to affect function at many other levels.

Question 8

During a cancer screening, a doctor may choose to screen using histological or cytological methods. Cytological methods are often less invasive than histological methods. Why?

Accepted Answer

Cytology usually looks at individual cells which can be collected without greatly disturbing the entire tissue.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a reference body in anatomy?

Accepted Answer

A standard healthy adult used for learning anatomy and physiological variation.

Question 10

Why might textbooks only present one blood vessel branching structure, even though anatomical variation exists?

Accepted Answer

To simplify learning and provide a standard reference, even though real bodies show variation.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of how structure determines function?

Accepted Answer

The network of alveoli in the lungs increases surface area for gas exchange.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding anatomical variation?

Accepted Answer

Extreme anatomical variation can make it difficult to define a 'normal' reference body.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Structure exists to perform a function; function is determined by structure.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of how anatomical knowledge is used in a clinical setting?

Accepted Answer

A doctor uses anatomical variation data to avoid surgical errors when locating blood vessels.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the study of anatomy and physiology is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The study spans many levels of organization from the molecular to the whole body.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a physiological process?

Accepted Answer

The hormone insulin is released when blood glucose levels increase.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why anatomical variation can be a problem in medical practice?

Accepted Answer

Medical errors can occur if anatomical variation is not considered during procedures.

Question 18

Which of the following statements best describes the importance of structure-function relationships at all levels of organization?

Accepted Answer

Structure and function relationships exist at all levels of organization, from molecules to organisms.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of how physiological knowledge is applied in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system will increase heart rate and elevate blood pressure.

Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology: Structure, Function, and Levels of Organization

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