$$CO = 80 \times 70 = 5600 mL/$$min = 5.6 L/min

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of arteries in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues

Question 2

An EKG (electrocardiogram) is primarily used to assess which aspect of cardiovascular function?

Accepted Answer

Electrical activity of the heart

Question 3

If a patient’s EKG shows an abnormal QRS complex, which part of the heart’s conduction system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Bundle branches or Purkinje fibers

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output ($$CO) in $$terms of heart rate ($$HR) $$and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 5

A patient has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL. What is their cardiac output in liters per minute?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 80 	imes 70 = 5600 mL/$$min = 5.6 L/min

Question 6

Which vessel type is most responsible for regulating blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 7

During exercise, which physiological change occurs to increase oxygen delivery to muscles?

Accepted Answer

Increased cardiac output

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why veins have valves?

Accepted Answer

To prevent backflow of blood and ensure one-way movement toward the heart

Question 9

A blockage in a coronary artery can lead to which medical emergency?

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Question 10

Which layer of a blood vessel is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of blood flow through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs

Question 12

Which formula correctly represents blood pressure ($$BP) in $$terms of cardiac output ($$CO) $$and total peripheral resistance ($$TPR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$BP = CO 	imes TPR$$

Question 13

A patient with a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg is considered to have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Normal blood pressure

Question 14

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate

Question 15

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues

Question 17

A patient with a damaged SA node would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia)

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3} (Systolic) + \frac{2}{3} (Diastolic)$$

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in increased peripheral resistance?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

Question 20

A patient presents with swelling in the lower legs due to poor venous return. Which structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Venous valves

Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology: Practice Platform Overview

Study Guide - Practice Questions