Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity of structure and function in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Structure determines what functions can occur; to understand function, you must first understand structure.

Question 2

A biologist uses MRI data to compare the shape of the stomach, pyloric sphincter, and esophagus in 100 subjects with regular heartburn and 100 subjects without heartburn. This approach is best described as:

Accepted Answer

An anatomical approach.

Question 3

Which statement about homeostasis is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis maintains variables within a range around a set point.

Question 4

A person is exposed to a cold environment. Which of the following is a response initiated by the negative feedback loop for temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

Shivering increases.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The activation of platelets to form a blood clot when you get a paper cut.

Question 6

Which directional term best describes the location of the heart relative to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 7

A surgeon needs to make an incision that is superior to the umbilical region and just distal to the pectoral region. Which region will the incision go through?

Accepted Answer

Epigastric

Question 8

Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular system

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why it is important to have some knowledge of anatomy in order to study physiology?

Accepted Answer

Because understanding how something works (physiology) is directly dependent on its structure (anatomy).

Question 10

Which of the following statements about anatomical position is correct?

Accepted Answer

The body is standing upright, feet together, arms at the sides, palms facing forward.

Question 11

A patient has a contusion in the hallux region. Where is the injury located?

Accepted Answer

The big toe

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the effector in a negative feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

The effector works to restore conditions to the original state.

Question 13

Which of the following is the most lateral part of the body according to anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

The thumbs

Question 14

Which system is responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and reproduction?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a variable under homeostatic control?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH

Question 16

Which of the following statements about positive and negative feedback loops is correct?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback loops move the system away from the set point, negative feedback returns the system toward the set point.

Question 17

A person with situs inversus has organs on the opposite side of the body compared to the normal reference. Which of the following is true about this condition?

Accepted Answer

It is a variation of normal anatomy and physiology because the changed location does not change the function.

Question 18

Which directional term describes the location of the scapular region relative to the vertebral region?

Accepted Answer

Lateral

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Providing immunity and returning fluid to the blood

Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Terminology

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