Textbook Question
Predict the effects of each of the following on systemic arterial blood pressure:
Blood loss from a bleeding ulcer
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Ch. 19 Blood
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 19, Problem L3.3
Ms. Wu, whose blood type is O−, requires a blood transfusion. Her family members volunteer to donate blood. Their blood types are as follows: her son, type B−; her husband, type B+; her daughter, type O+. Which family members could safely donate blood to Ms. Wu? Who could not? Explain.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the compatibility rules for blood transfusions. Blood type compatibility depends on both the ABO blood group system and the Rh factor. Type O− is considered the universal donor but can only receive blood from other O− donors due to the absence of A, B antigens and Rh factor.
Step 2: Analyze Ms. Wu's blood type (O−). Since she is O−, she cannot receive blood from donors with A, B, or AB antigens, nor can she receive blood from Rh-positive donors. This means she can only receive blood from individuals with O− blood type.
Step 3: Evaluate the blood types of her family members. Her son is B−, her husband is B+, and her daughter is O+. None of these blood types match Ms. Wu's O− blood type. Specifically: (a) B− contains the B antigen, which Ms. Wu cannot receive, (b) B+ contains both the B antigen and Rh factor, which Ms. Wu cannot receive, and (c) O+ contains the Rh factor, which Ms. Wu cannot receive.
Step 4: Determine who can safely donate blood to Ms. Wu. Based on the analysis, none of her family members can safely donate blood to her because their blood types are incompatible with her O− blood type.
Step 5: Explain why her family members cannot donate. Blood type compatibility is crucial to prevent immune reactions. If Ms. Wu receives blood with antigens or Rh factors that her immune system does not recognize, it could lead to a severe transfusion reaction. Therefore, she must receive blood from an O− donor.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Blood Type Compatibility
Blood type compatibility is crucial for safe blood transfusions. The ABO blood group system categorizes blood into four types: A, B, AB, and O, based on the presence of antigens. Type O is considered a universal donor for red blood cells, but individuals with type O blood can only receive type O blood. Additionally, the Rh factor (positive or negative) must be considered, as Rh-negative individuals can only receive Rh-negative blood.
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Types of Blood Vessels
ABO Blood Group System
The ABO blood group system classifies blood based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Type O blood lacks both antigens, making it compatible with any ABO type in terms of red blood cell transfusion. However, individuals with type A or B blood have antibodies against the opposite antigens, which can lead to transfusion reactions if incompatible blood is given.
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Rh Factor
The Rh factor is a protein that can be present on the surface of red blood cells, leading to two classifications: Rh-positive (presence of the protein) and Rh-negative (absence of the protein). For blood transfusions, Rh-negative individuals can only receive Rh-negative blood to avoid immune reactions. In this scenario, Ms. Wu, being O−, can only accept O− blood, making it essential to consider both ABO and Rh compatibility when determining suitable donors.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
The main function of erythrocytes is to transport oxygen on the protein hemoglobin.
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Textbook Question
A blood sample from your patient shows that she has decreased numbers of neutrophils. Predict the effects of this condition. How would it differ if numbers of T lymphocytes were decreased instead?
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Textbook Question
Mr. Jackson presents to the emergency room with a minor wound that has bled for several days. An examination of his medical history reveals that Mr. Jackson has hemophilia A, which is caused by a deficiency of factor VIII. Your co-worker suggests that you give Mr. Jackson some platelets to stop the bleeding. Will this help your patient? Why or why not?
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Erythrocytes are biconcave discs with prominent nuclei.
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Textbook Question
Predict the effects of each of the following on systemic arterial blood pressure:
The practice of 'blood doping,' which increases the number of red blood cells in the blood
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