Textbook Question
Predict the effects of each of the following on systemic arterial blood pressure:
Blood loss from a bleeding ulcer
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Ch. 19 Blood
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Metabolism and Nutrition7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 19, Problem L3.2
Mr. Jackson presents to the emergency room with a minor wound that has bled for several days. An examination of his medical history reveals that Mr. Jackson has hemophilia A, which is caused by a deficiency of factor VIII. Your co-worker suggests that you give Mr. Jackson some platelets to stop the bleeding. Will this help your patient? Why or why not?
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of platelets in the clotting process: Platelets are essential for forming the initial plug at the site of a wound, but they are not directly involved in the activation of clotting factors like factor VIII.
Review the clotting cascade: Hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency in factor VIII, which is part of the intrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade. Factor VIII is necessary for the activation of factor X, which ultimately leads to the formation of fibrin and stable clot formation.
Evaluate the suggestion to give platelets: While platelets are important for initiating clot formation, they cannot compensate for the absence of factor VIII. The deficiency in factor VIII prevents the clotting cascade from progressing to the formation of a stable fibrin clot.
Consider the appropriate treatment: Patients with hemophilia A typically require factor VIII replacement therapy to address the underlying deficiency and restore the clotting cascade. Platelet transfusion would not address the root cause of the bleeding in this case.
Explain why platelets alone will not help: Since the bleeding is due to a deficiency in factor VIII, providing platelets will not resolve the issue. The patient needs factor VIII replacement to restore normal clotting function and stop the prolonged bleeding.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII, which is essential for blood coagulation. Individuals with this condition experience prolonged bleeding due to their blood's inability to form clots effectively. Understanding this disorder is crucial for determining appropriate treatment options for patients like Mr. Jackson.
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Role of Platelets in Hemostasis
Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that play a vital role in hemostasis, the process that prevents and stops bleeding. They aggregate at the site of a blood vessel injury and form a temporary plug. However, in hemophilia A, the underlying issue is the lack of factor VIII, not platelet deficiency, meaning that administering platelets alone will not effectively address the bleeding.
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Factor Replacement Therapy
Factor replacement therapy involves administering clotting factors, such as factor VIII, to individuals with hemophilia to help restore their ability to form clots. This treatment is essential for managing bleeding episodes and preventing complications. In Mr. Jackson's case, providing factor VIII would be a more effective intervention than giving platelets.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Ms. Wu, whose blood type is O−, requires a blood transfusion. Her family members volunteer to donate blood. Their blood types are as follows: her son, type B−; her husband, type B+; her daughter, type O+. Which family members could safely donate blood to Ms. Wu? Who could not? Explain.
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Textbook Question
The anticoagulant drug warfarin primarily disrupts the extrinsic/tissue factor coagulation pathway. Explain why disrupting only this pathway disrupts the entire coagulation cascade.
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Textbook Question
A blood sample from your patient shows that she has decreased numbers of neutrophils. Predict the effects of this condition. How would it differ if numbers of T lymphocytes were decreased instead?
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Textbook Question
Elise is a 36-year-old woman who has volunteered to donate red bone marrow to a patient in need of a bone marrow transplant for aplastic anemia. The physician performing the bone marrow extraction is an intern, and it is her first time doing the procedure. She asks that you prepare a site on Elise's tibia for the procedure. Is this a good place for red bone marrow to be extracted, considering Elise's age? Why or why not? Can you suggest an alternative location? Explain.
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Textbook Question
Predict the effects of each of the following on systemic arterial blood pressure:
The practice of 'blood doping,' which increases the number of red blood cells in the blood
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