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Chemical Thermodynamics: Gibbs Free Energy definitions

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  • Gibbs Free Energy
    A thermodynamic quantity used to predict if a reaction occurs naturally, calculated from enthalpy and entropy changes.
  • Spontaneous Reaction
    A process that proceeds without external energy input, typically with negative Gibbs free energy and positive universe entropy.
  • Non-Spontaneous Reaction
    A process requiring energy input to proceed, characterized by positive Gibbs free energy and negative universe entropy.
  • Equilibrium
    A state where forward and reverse reaction rates are equal, with zero Gibbs free energy change and reaction quotient equal to equilibrium constant.
  • Entropy
    A measure of disorder or randomness, with universe increase favoring spontaneous processes according to the second law of thermodynamics.
  • Enthalpy
    A thermodynamic property representing heat content, used in calculating Gibbs free energy changes.
  • Equilibrium Constant
    A value expressing the ratio of product to reactant concentrations at equilibrium, influencing reaction spontaneity.
  • Reaction Quotient
    A ratio of product to reactant concentrations at any point, indicating direction needed to reach equilibrium.
  • Standard Conditions
    Reference state with 1 atm pressure, 1 M concentration, and 25°C temperature, used for thermodynamic calculations.
  • Energy Diagram
    A graphical representation showing energy changes of reactants and products, with y-axis as Gibbs free energy.
  • Exergonic Process
    A reaction with negative Gibbs free energy, releasing energy and favoring product formation.
  • Endergonic Process
    A reaction with positive Gibbs free energy, requiring energy input and favoring reactant formation.
  • Gas Constant
    A physical constant (8.314 J/mol·K) used in thermodynamic equations involving energy and temperature.
  • Second Law of Thermodynamics
    A principle stating that universe entropy increases in spontaneous processes, guiding reaction direction.
  • Temperature
    A variable, often in Kelvin, affecting Gibbs free energy and reaction spontaneity in thermodynamic equations.