Ch. R - Algebra Review

Lial12th EditionTrigonometryISBN: 9780136552161Not the one you use?Change textbook

Lial 12th Edition

Ch. R - Algebra Review

Problem 33

Chapter 1, Problem 33

Let A = {-6, -12⁄4, -5⁄8, -√3, 0, ¼, 1, 2π, 3, √12}. List all the elements of A that belong to each set. Irrational numbers

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Recall that irrational numbers are numbers that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers, meaning they cannot be written as a simple fraction \(\frac{p}{q}\) where \(p\) and \(q\) are integers and \(q \neq 0\).

Go through each element of the set \(A = \{-6, -\frac{12}{4}, -\frac{5}{8}, -\sqrt{3}, 0, \frac{1}{4}, 1, 2\pi, 3, \sqrt{12}\}\) and determine if it can be expressed as a fraction of integers or not.

Identify \(-6\), \(-\frac{12}{4}\), \(-\frac{5}{8}\), \(0\), \(\frac{1}{4}\), \(1\), and \(3\) as rational numbers because they can be written as fractions of integers.

Recognize that \(-\sqrt{3}\) and \(2\pi\) are irrational because \(\sqrt{3}\) and \(\pi\) are well-known irrational numbers, and multiplying by \(-1\) or \(2\) does not change their irrationality.

Check \(\sqrt{12}\) by simplifying it: \(\sqrt{12} = \sqrt{4 \times 3} = 2\sqrt{3}\). Since \(\sqrt{3}\) is irrational, \(2\sqrt{3}\) is also irrational.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Irrational Numbers

Irrational numbers are real numbers that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction of two integers. Their decimal expansions are non-terminating and non-repeating. Examples include numbers like √3 and π, which cannot be precisely written as fractions.

Set Membership and Classification

Understanding set membership involves determining whether an element belongs to a particular set based on its properties. Classifying numbers into sets like rational, irrational, integers, or real numbers helps organize and analyze them effectively.

Simplification of Radicals and Fractions

Simplifying radicals and fractions helps identify the nature of numbers. For example, √12 can be simplified to 2√3, which is irrational. Simplifying fractions like -12/4 to -3 helps determine if the number is rational or integer.

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