Ch 23: Electric Potential

Young & Freedman Calc - University Physics 14th Edition

Young & Freedman Calc14th EditionUniversity PhysicsISBN: 9780321973610Not the one you use?Change textbook

Young & Freedman Calc 14th Edition

Ch 23: Electric Potential

Problem 9b

Chapter 23, Problem 9b

Two protons are released from rest when they are $0.750$ nm apart. What is the maximum acceleration they will achieve and when does this acceleration occur?

Verified step by step guidance

First, understand that the protons will repel each other due to the electrostatic force between them. This force can be calculated using Coulomb's Law, which is given by:

F = \frac{k q_{1} q_{2}}{r^{2}}

, where

k

is Coulomb's constant,

q_{1}

and

q_{2}

are the charges of the protons, and

r

is the distance between them.

Next, calculate the force between the protons using the values:

k

= 8.99 x 10⁹ N m²/C²,

q_{1}

q_{2}

= 1.60 x 10^-19 C, and

r

= 0.750 nm = 0.750 x 10^-9 m.

Once the force is calculated, use Newton's second law to find the acceleration of each proton. Newton's second law states:

F = m a

, where

m

is the mass of a proton (approximately 1.67 x 10^-27 kg) and

a

is the acceleration.

Solve for the acceleration

a

using the formula:

a = \frac{F}{m}

. Substitute the values of

F

and

m

to find the maximum acceleration.

The maximum acceleration occurs at the initial moment when the protons are released from rest, as the force is greatest when they are closest together. As they move apart, the force and thus the acceleration will decrease.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Coulomb's Law

Coulomb's Law describes the electrostatic force between two charged particles. It states that the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This law is crucial for calculating the initial force acting on the protons due to their electric charge.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Newton's Second Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This principle is essential for determining the acceleration of the protons once the electrostatic force is known, as it relates force, mass, and acceleration.

Conservation of Energy

The conservation of energy principle asserts that the total energy in a closed system remains constant. As the protons move apart, their potential energy due to electrostatic forces converts into kinetic energy, influencing their acceleration. Understanding this energy transformation helps determine when maximum acceleration occurs.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Two protons, starting several meters apart, are aimed directly at each other with speeds of $2.00 \times 10^{5}$ m/s, measured relative to the earth. Find the maximum electric force that these protons will exert on each other.

Textbook Question

A particle with charge $positive 4.20$ nC is in a uniform electric field $E$ directed to the left. The charge is released from rest and moves to the left; after it has moved $6.00$ cm, its kinetic energy is $+ 2.20 x 10^{- 6}$ J. What is the work done by the electric force?

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Textbook Question

Two stationary point charges $positive 3.00$ nC and $positive 2.00$ nC are separated by a distance of $50.0$ cm. An electron is released from rest at a point midway between the two charges and moves along the line connecting the two charges. What is the speed of the electron when it is $10.0$ cm from the $positive 3.00$ -nC charge?

Textbook Question

A small particle has charge $negative 5.00$ $μ$ C and mass $2.00 \times 10^{- 4}$ kg. It moves from point $A$ , where the electric potential is $V sub A equals positive 200$ V, to point $B$ , where the electric potential is $V sub B equals positive 800$ V. The electric force is the only force acting on the particle. The particle has speed $5.00$ m/s at point $A$ . What is its speed at point $B$ ? Is it moving faster or slower at $B$ than at $A$ ? Explain.

Textbook Question

How much work would it take to push two protons very slowly from a separation of $2.00 \times 10^{- 10}$ m (a typical atomic distance) to $3.00 \times 10^{- 15}$ m (a typical nuclear distance)? If the protons are both released from rest at the closer distance in part (a), how fast are they moving when they reach their original separation?

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Textbook Question

A small metal sphere, carrying a net charge of $q_{1} = - 2.80$ μC, is held in a stationary position by insulating supports. A second small metal sphere, with a net charge of $q_{2} = - 7.80$ μC and mass $1.50$ g, is projected toward $q sub 1$ . When the two spheres are $0.800$ m apart, $q sub 2$ , is moving toward $q sub 1$ with speed $22.0$ m/s (Fig. E $23.5$ ). Assume that the two spheres can be treated as point charges. You can ignore the force of gravity. What is the speed of $q sub 2$ when the spheres are $0.400$ m apart?

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Two protons are released from rest when they are 0.7500.750 nm apart. What is the maximum acceleration they will achieve and when does this acceleration occur?

Verified video answer for a similar problem:

Key Concepts

Coulomb's Law

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Conservation of Energy

Two protons are released from rest when they are $0.750$ nm apart. What is the maximum acceleration they will achieve and when does this acceleration occur?