Textbook Question
Identify the element for each of these electron configurations. Then determine whether this configuration is the ground state or an excited state. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2
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Ch 41: Atomic Physics
Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796
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Table of contents
- Ch 01: Concepts of Motion35
- Ch 02: Kinematics in One Dimension75
- Ch 03: Vectors and Coordinate Systems58
- Ch 04: Kinematics in Two Dimensions60
- Ch 05: Force and Motion23
- Ch 06: Dynamics I: Motion Along a Line53
- Ch 07: Newton's Third Law27
- Ch 08: Dynamics II: Motion in a Plane52
- Ch 09: Work and Kinetic Energy56
- Ch 10: Interactions and Potential Energy50
- Ch 11: Impulse and Momentum56
- Ch 12: Rotation of a Rigid Body71
- Ch 13: Newton's Theory of Gravity52
- Ch 14: Fluids and Elasticity44
- Ch 15: Oscillations55
- Ch 16: Traveling Waves37
- Ch 17: Superposition39
- Ch 18: A Macroscopic Description of Matter53
- Ch 19: Work, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics60
- Ch 20: The Micro/Macro Connection53
- Ch 21: Heat Engines and Refrigerators34
- Ch 22: Electric Charges and Forces40
- Ch 23: The Electric Field39
- Ch 24: Gauss' Law32
- Ch 25: The Electric Potential63
- Ch 26: Potential and Field57
- Ch 27: Current and Resistance42
- Ch 28: Fundamentals of Circuits39
- Ch 29: The Magnetic Field47
- Ch 30: Electromagnetic Induction60
- Ch 31: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves32
- Ch 32: AC Circuits63
- Ch 33: Wave Optics32
- Ch 34: Ray Optics57
- Ch 35: Optical Instruments30
- Ch 36: Special Relativity38
- Ch 37: The Foundations of Modern Physics25
- Ch 38: Quantization49
- Ch 39: Wave Functions and Uncertainty31
- Ch 40: One-Dimensional Quantum Mechanics35
- Ch 41: Atomic Physics18
- Ch 42: Nuclear Physics27
Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 41, Problem 10a
Identify the element for each of these electron configurations. Then determine whether this configuration is the ground state or an excited state. 1s² 2s² 2p⁵
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Analyze the given electron configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁵. This configuration represents the distribution of electrons in the atomic orbitals of an atom. The numbers (1, 2) indicate the energy levels, the letters (s, p) indicate the type of orbital, and the superscripts (², ⁵) indicate the number of electrons in each orbital.
Step 2: Count the total number of electrons in the configuration. Add the superscripts: 2 (from 1s²) + 2 (from 2s²) + 5 (from 2p⁵) = 9 electrons. This tells us the atom has 9 electrons, which corresponds to the atomic number of the element.
Step 3: Use the periodic table to identify the element with an atomic number of 9. The element with 9 protons (and thus 9 electrons in a neutral atom) is fluorine (F).
Step 4: Determine whether the configuration is in the ground state or an excited state. The given configuration (1s² 2s² 2p⁵) follows the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle, which means it is the most stable arrangement of electrons for fluorine. Therefore, this is the ground state configuration.
Step 5: Conclude that the element is fluorine (F), and the configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁵ represents its ground state.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electron Configuration
Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. It is represented by a series of numbers and letters indicating the energy levels and types of orbitals occupied by electrons. For example, in the configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁵, the numbers indicate the principal energy levels, while 's' and 'p' denote the types of orbitals.
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Ground State vs. Excited State
The ground state of an atom is its lowest energy configuration, where electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels. An excited state occurs when one or more electrons have absorbed energy and moved to higher energy levels than those in the ground state. Identifying whether an electron configuration represents a ground or excited state is crucial for understanding the atom's energy state.
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Periodic Table and Element Identification
The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and electron configurations. Each element has a unique electron configuration that determines its chemical properties. By analyzing the given configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁵, one can identify the element as fluorine, which has an atomic number of 9, and determine its state based on the arrangement of its electrons.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What is the angular momentum of a hydrogen atom in (a) a 6s state and (b) a 4f state? Give your answers as a multiple of ℏ .
Textbook Question
A hydrogen atom has orbital angular momentum 3.65 × 10⁻³⁴ J s. What is the atom's minimum possible energy? Explain.
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Textbook Question
Draw a series of pictures, similar to Figure 41.21, for the ground states of Ca, Ni, As, and Kr.
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Textbook Question
How many lines of atoms would you expect to see on the collector plate of a Stern-Gerlach apparatus if the experiment is done with (a) lithium and (b) beryllium? Explain.
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Textbook Question
An excited state of an atom has a 25 ns lifetime. What is the probability that an excited atom will emit a photon during a 0.50 ns interval?
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