Textbook Question
Two protons are 2.0 fm apart. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force on one proton due to the other proton?
Ch 22: Electric Charges and Forces
Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796
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Table of contents
- Ch 01: Concepts of Motion35
- Ch 02: Kinematics in One Dimension75
- Ch 03: Vectors and Coordinate Systems58
- Ch 04: Kinematics in Two Dimensions60
- Ch 05: Force and Motion23
- Ch 06: Dynamics I: Motion Along a Line53
- Ch 07: Newton's Third Law27
- Ch 08: Dynamics II: Motion in a Plane52
- Ch 09: Work and Kinetic Energy56
- Ch 10: Interactions and Potential Energy50
- Ch 11: Impulse and Momentum56
- Ch 12: Rotation of a Rigid Body71
- Ch 13: Newton's Theory of Gravity52
- Ch 14: Fluids and Elasticity44
- Ch 15: Oscillations55
- Ch 16: Traveling Waves37
- Ch 17: Superposition39
- Ch 18: A Macroscopic Description of Matter53
- Ch 19: Work, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics60
- Ch 20: The Micro/Macro Connection53
- Ch 21: Heat Engines and Refrigerators34
- Ch 22: Electric Charges and Forces40
- Ch 23: The Electric Field39
- Ch 24: Gauss' Law32
- Ch 25: The Electric Potential63
- Ch 26: Potential and Field57
- Ch 27: Current and Resistance42
- Ch 28: Fundamentals of Circuits39
- Ch 29: The Magnetic Field47
- Ch 30: Electromagnetic Induction60
- Ch 31: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves32
- Ch 32: AC Circuits63
- Ch 33: Wave Optics32
- Ch 34: Ray Optics57
- Ch 35: Optical Instruments30
- Ch 36: Special Relativity38
- Ch 37: The Foundations of Modern Physics25
- Ch 38: Quantization49
- Ch 39: Wave Functions and Uncertainty31
- Ch 40: One-Dimensional Quantum Mechanics35
- Ch 41: Atomic Physics18
- Ch 42: Nuclear Physics27
Knight Calc5th EditionPhysics for Scientists and EngineersISBN: 9780137344796Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 22, Problem 9
Figure 22.8 showed how an electroscope becomes negatively charged. The leaves will also repel each other if you touch the electroscope with a positively charged glass rod. Use a series of charge diagrams to explain what happens and why the leaves repel each other.
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Start by understanding the concept of charging by conduction: When a positively charged object, such as a glass rod, touches a neutral electroscope, electrons from the electroscope are attracted to the positively charged rod and move toward it, leaving the electroscope with a net positive charge.
Draw a diagram of the initial state of the electroscope, showing it as neutral. Represent the positive and negative charges evenly distributed throughout the electroscope.
Next, illustrate the interaction when the positively charged glass rod touches the electroscope. Show electrons moving from the electroscope to the glass rod, leaving behind an excess of positive charges on the electroscope.
After the glass rod is removed, depict the electroscope with a net positive charge. The positive charges are now distributed across the electroscope, including the leaves.
Explain why the leaves repel each other: Since both leaves are positively charged, they experience a repulsive electrostatic force due to like charges repelling. This causes the leaves to move apart and stay separated.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electrostatic Charge
Electrostatic charge refers to the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. Objects can be positively charged, negatively charged, or neutral, depending on the balance of protons and electrons. When a charged object comes into contact with a neutral object, it can transfer charge, leading to the charging of the neutral object.
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Charging Objects
Charge Induction
Charge induction is a process where a charged object influences the distribution of charges in a nearby neutral object without direct contact. For example, when a positively charged glass rod is brought near an electroscope, it causes electrons in the electroscope to move towards the rod, resulting in a temporary separation of charges. This leads to the leaves of the electroscope acquiring a net negative charge, which causes them to repel each other.
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Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law describes the force between two charged objects, stating that the force is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This law explains why like charges repel and opposite charges attract. In the case of the electroscope, the negatively charged leaves repel each other due to the electrostatic force described by Coulomb's Law.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
A linear accelerator uses alternating electric fields to accelerate electrons to close to the speed of light. A small number of the electrons collide with a target, but a large majority pass through the target and impact a beam dump at the end of the accelerator. In one experiment the beam dump measured charge accumulating at a rate of −2.0 nC/s. How many electrons traveled down the accelerator during the 2.0 h run?
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Textbook Question
What is the total charge of all the electrons in L of liquid water?
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Textbook Question
What is the magnitude of the net force on charge A in FIGURE EX22.17?
Textbook Question
What mass of aluminum has a total nuclear charge of C? Aluminum has atomic number .
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Textbook Question
Two small plastic spheres each have a mass of 2.0 g and a charge of −50.0 nC. They are placed 2.0 cm apart (center to center). What is the magnitude of the electric force on each sphere?