Textbook Question
Draw complete Lewis structures for the following condensed structural formulas.
(d) CH2CHCHO
(e) (CH3)3CCOCHCH2
Ch.1 - Structure and Bonding
Wade9th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213728
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Structure and Bonding107
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases; Functional Groups115
- Ch.3 - Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes100
- Ch.4 - The Study of Chemical Reactions99
- Ch.5 - Stereochemistry93
- Ch.6 - Alkyl Halides; Nucleophilic Substitution118
- Ch. 7 - Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes; Elimination158
- Ch.8 - Reactions of Alkenes171
- Ch.9 - Alkynes91
- Ch.10 - Structure and Synthesis of Alcohols143
- Ch.11 - Reactions of Alcohols104
- Ch. 12 - Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry22
- Ch. 13 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy45
- Ch. 14 - Ethers, Epoxides, and Thioethers72
- Ch. 15 - Conjugated Systems, Orbital Symmetry, and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy89
- Ch. 16 - Aromatic Compounds74
- Ch. 17 - Reactions of Aromatic Compounds126
- Ch. 18 - Ketones and Aldehydes193
- Ch. 19 - Amines129
- Ch. 20 - Carboxylic Acids77
- Ch. 21 - Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 22 - Condensations and Alpha Substitutions of Carbonyl Compounds175
- Ch. 23 - Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids93
- Ch. 24 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins54
Chapter 1, Problem 10d
Use resonance structures to identify the areas of high and low electron density in the following compounds:
(d) 
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the compound's structure and locate any pi bonds or lone pairs that can participate in resonance. These are typically found in conjugated systems or near electronegative atoms.
Draw the initial Lewis structure of the compound, ensuring all atoms have the correct number of valence electrons and formal charges are minimized.
Identify possible resonance contributors by moving electrons from pi bonds or lone pairs to adjacent atoms, ensuring that the octet rule is not violated for second-row elements.
Draw the resonance structures, showing the movement of electrons with arrows. Indicate the formal charges on atoms where necessary.
Analyze the resonance structures to determine areas of high electron density (where electrons are localized or delocalized) and low electron density (where positive charges or electron deficiency is present).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Resonance Structures
Resonance structures are different Lewis structures for a molecule that depict the same arrangement of atoms but differ in the distribution of electrons. They help illustrate the delocalization of electrons within a molecule, which can affect its stability and reactivity. Understanding resonance is crucial for identifying areas of electron density.
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Drawing Resonance Structures
Electron Density
Electron density refers to the probability of finding electrons in a particular region of a molecule. Areas of high electron density are typically associated with negative charges or lone pairs, while areas of low electron density may be associated with positive charges or electron-deficient atoms. Resonance structures help visualize these variations in electron density.
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Lewis Structures
Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They are essential for understanding resonance, as they provide a basis for drawing resonance structures by showing how electrons can be rearranged while maintaining the same atomic connectivity.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
For each of the following compounds, draw the important resonance forms. Indicate which structures are major and minor contributors or whether they have the same energy.
(g)
(h)
1
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Textbook Question
Give Lewis structures corresponding to the following line–angle structures. Give the molecular formula for each structure.
(a)
(b)
1
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Textbook Question
Give Lewis structures corresponding to the following line–angle structures. Give the molecular formula for each structure.
(c)
(d)
2
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Textbook Question
Draw the important resonance forms of the following cations and anions:
(c)
(d)
1
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Textbook Question
Use resonance structures to identify the areas of high and low electron density in the following compounds:
(c)
2
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