Textbook Question
Name the following alkanes using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. [Each molecule exemplifies one of the nomenclature rules in Tables 3.7 and 3.8.]
(n) rule 7
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Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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Table of contents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases: Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes I: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes II: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification I: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution I: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution II: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems I: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems II: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene I: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene II: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Mullins 1st EditionCh. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational AnalysisProblem 15j
Mullins 1st EditionCh. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational AnalysisProblem 15jChapter 2, Problem 15j
Name the following alkanes using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. [Each molecule exemplifies one of the nomenclature rules in Tables 3.7 and 3.8.]
(j) rule 5
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule. This will serve as the parent chain. Count the number of carbons in this chain to determine the base name of the alkane.
Step 2: Number the carbons in the parent chain starting from the end closest to the first substituent group. This ensures the substituents receive the lowest possible numbers.
Step 3: Identify and name all substituent groups attached to the parent chain. Use prefixes such as methyl, ethyl, etc., based on the number of carbons in each substituent.
Step 4: Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the parent chain. If there are multiple substituents of the same type, use prefixes like di-, tri-, etc., to indicate their quantity.
Step 5: Combine the names of the substituents with the parent chain name, arranging substituents alphabetically and separating numbers from names with hyphens. Ensure the name follows IUPAC rules for nomenclature.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
IUPAC Nomenclature
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature provides a systematic method for naming organic compounds. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, determining the functional groups, and applying specific rules to assign a unique name that reflects the structure of the molecule. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately naming alkanes and other organic compounds.
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Longest Carbon Chain
In organic chemistry, the longest carbon chain is the continuous chain of carbon atoms that forms the backbone of the molecule. When naming alkanes, identifying this chain is crucial as it determines the base name of the compound. The longest chain should include the maximum number of carbon atoms, and branches or substituents are named based on their position relative to this chain.
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Substituents and Their Position
Substituents are groups of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms in the alkane structure. When naming a compound, it is important to identify these substituents and their positions on the longest carbon chain. The position is indicated by numbering the carbon atoms in the chain, ensuring that the substituents receive the lowest possible numbers, which is a key rule in IUPAC nomenclature.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
There are five alkane constitutional isomers with the molecular formula C6H14. Draw them.
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Textbook Question
Convert the following hybrid structural formulas into the line-angle drawings.
(b)
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Textbook Question
Name the following alkanes using the IUPAC system of nomenclature. [Each molecule exemplifies one of the nomenclature rules in Tables 3.7 and 3.8.]
(k) rule 6
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Textbook Question
When we begin studying functional groups, the designation of substitution will be especially important. Label the following bromoalkanes as 1° , 2°, 3°, or 4° based on the carbon to which the bromine is attached.
(b)
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Textbook Question
There are nine alkane constitutional isomers with the molecular formula C7H16. Draw them.
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