Textbook Question
Correct the following incorrect names:
c. para-methylbromobenzene
d. 1,6-dichlorobenzene
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Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 1)31
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)65
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
Chapter 19, Problem 12e,f
Correct the following incorrect names:
e. meta-bromotoluene
f. 6-ethyl-4-iodoaniline
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the structure of the compound from the image provided. Look for the longest continuous carbon chain to determine the base name of the compound.
Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest to the first substituent group. This will help in assigning the correct locants to the substituents.
Step 3: Identify and name all substituents attached to the main carbon chain. Common substituents include alkyl groups like methyl, ethyl, etc., and functional groups like hydroxyl, halogens, etc.
Step 4: Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the compound. Ensure that substituents are listed in alphabetical order and use the correct locants to indicate their positions on the main chain.
Step 5: Check for any stereochemistry or special naming rules that might apply, such as E/Z or R/S configurations, and include them in the name if necessary. Review the IUPAC naming rules to ensure the name is correct.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
IUPAC Nomenclature
IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides rules for naming based on the structure of the molecule, including the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and substituents. Understanding these rules is essential for correctly identifying and naming compounds, which is crucial for effective communication in chemistry.
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The different parts of an IUPAC name
Functional Groups
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amino (-NH2) groups. Recognizing functional groups is vital for determining the properties and reactivity of organic compounds, which aids in their correct naming.
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Structural Isomers
Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. This can lead to different physical and chemical properties. Understanding structural isomerism is important for accurately naming compounds, as different structures can have distinct names even if they contain the same number of atoms of each element.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Correct the following incorrect names:
a. 2,4,6-tribromobenzene
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Textbook Question
List the compounds in each set from most reactive to least reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution:
b. dichloromethylbenzene, difluoromethylbenzene, toluene, chloromethylbenzene
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Textbook Question
List the compounds in each set from most reactive to least reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution:
a. benzene, phenol, toluene, nitrobenzene, bromobenzene
Textbook Question
Explain why fluorobenzene is more reactive than chlorobenzene toward electrophilic aromatic substitution but chloromethylbenzene is more reactive than fluoromethylbenzene.
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Textbook Question
Correct the following incorrect names:
b. 3-hydroxynitrobenzene
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