Name the following compounds.
(c)
(d)

Nomenclature in organic chemistry refers to the systematic naming of chemical compounds based on established rules. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides guidelines that help chemists communicate the structure and composition of compounds clearly. Understanding nomenclature is essential for identifying and naming organic molecules accurately.

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amino (-NH2) groups. Recognizing functional groups is crucial for predicting the behavior and reactivity of organic compounds.

Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. This can lead to variations in physical and chemical properties. Understanding structural isomerism is important for accurately naming compounds and predicting their reactivity and interactions in organic chemistry.