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Long-Term Effects of Alcohol quiz

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  • What are two main reasons excessive long-term alcohol use leads to nutritional deficiencies?
    It causes poor nutrient intake and increases nutrient loss through urine due to alcohol's diuretic effect.
  • How does alcohol consumption affect fat absorption in the body?
    Alcohol can cause fat malabsorption, leading to reduced absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins.
  • What are two ways excessive alcohol intake can damage the heart?
    It can weaken heart tissue and disrupt normal heart rhythms.
  • How does chronic alcohol use increase cancer risk?
    It causes chronic inflammation of the esophagus and stomach, which can lead to certain cancers.
  • What is the first stage of alcoholic liver disease and is it reversible?
    The first stage is fatty liver, and it is reversible if alcohol use stops.
  • What happens to the liver during alcoholic hepatitis?
    The liver becomes inflamed due to toxic byproducts like acetaldehyde, and may develop some permanent scar tissue.
  • What is cirrhosis and why is it considered irreversible?
    Cirrhosis is the death of liver cells and widespread scar tissue formation, which is irreversible and can lead to liver failure.
  • What is the only definitive treatment for advanced cirrhosis?
    A liver transplant is the only definitive treatment, but it is difficult to obtain.
  • Why is there no safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
    Because alcohol is a teratogen that can harm fetal development at any stage.
  • Why can't a fetus effectively metabolize alcohol?
    A fetus, especially early in development, does not have a fully developed liver to break down alcohol.
  • What is fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)?
    FASD is a range of permanent conditions caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy, affecting neurological, physical, and organ development.
  • List two neurological effects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
    It can cause attention problems (like ADHD) and intellectual disabilities.
  • What are two classic physical features associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?
    Small head size and a thin, underdeveloped upper lip.
  • How common is fetal alcohol spectrum disorder among school-aged children in the US?
    It affects between 1% and 5% of school-aged children, according to the CDC.
  • Why is abstinence from alcohol recommended for those who may become pregnant?
    Because alcohol use early in pregnancy can cause severe, permanent harm to the fetus, even before pregnancy is recognized.