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Ch. 23 - Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
Tortora - Microbiology: An Introduction 14th Edition
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksTortora 14th EditionCh. 23 - Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic SystemsProblem 8
Chapter 23, Problem 8

Use the following choices to answer the question given below:
a. Brucellosis
b. Malaria
c. Relapsing fever
d. Rocky Mountain spotted fever
e. Ebola
The patient was hospitalized with fever and headache. Spirochetes were observed in her blood. What is your diagnosis?

Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Identify the key clinical features and laboratory findings from the problem. Here, the patient has fever and headache, and spirochetes were observed in the blood.
Step 2: Recall that spirochetes are a group of spiral-shaped bacteria. Among the diseases listed, only relapsing fever is caused by spirochetes (specifically Borrelia species).
Step 3: Understand that brucellosis, malaria, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Ebola are caused by different types of pathogens (Brucella bacteria, Plasmodium protozoa, Rickettsia bacteria, and Ebola virus, respectively) and do not involve spirochetes.
Step 4: Use the presence of spirochetes in the blood as a definitive clue to narrow down the diagnosis to relapsing fever.
Step 5: Conclude that the diagnosis is relapsing fever based on the observation of spirochetes in the blood combined with the clinical symptoms.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Spirochetes and Their Characteristics

Spirochetes are a group of spiral-shaped bacteria known for their unique corkscrew motion. They are responsible for diseases such as relapsing fever, Lyme disease, and syphilis. Identifying spirochetes in blood smears is crucial for diagnosing infections caused by these bacteria.
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Intro to Characteristics of Infectious Disease

Relapsing Fever

Relapsing fever is a bacterial infection caused by spirochetes of the genus Borrelia. It is characterized by recurring episodes of fever, headache, and muscle pain. The presence of spirochetes in the blood during febrile episodes is a key diagnostic feature.
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Differential Diagnosis of Febrile Illnesses with Blood Parasites

Febrile illnesses like malaria and relapsing fever can present with fever and headache, but malaria involves protozoan parasites, not spirochetes. Recognizing the type of pathogen in blood (bacteria vs. protozoa) helps differentiate diseases and guides appropriate treatment.
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Textbook Question

Which of these diseases has the highest incidence in the United States?

a. Brucellosis

b. Ebola

c. Malaria

d. Plague

e. Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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Most people have been infected with this microorganism, often without symptoms. Infection during pregnancy can result in deafness or intellectual disabilities in the newborn.

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Textbook Question

Use the following choices to answer the question given below:

a. Brucellosis

b. Malaria

c. Relapsing fever

d. Rocky Mountain spotted fever

e. Ebola

The patient’s fever spikes each evening. Oxidase-positive, gram-negative coccobacilli were isolated from a lesion on his arm. What is your diagnosis?