Textbook Question
Why does an ANA (antinuclear antibody) test diagnose lupus?
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Ch. 19 - Disorders Associated with the Immune System
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Microbial World and You18
- Ch. 2 - Chemical Principles20
- Ch. 3 - Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope18
- Ch. 4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells21
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism20
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 7 - The Control of Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 8 - Microbial Genetics19
- Ch. 9 - Biotechnology & DNA Technology20
- Ch. 10 - Classification of Microorganisms15
- Ch. 11 - The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea14
- Ch. 12 - The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths17
- Ch. 13 - Viruses, Viroids, and Prions20
- Ch. 14 - Principles of Disease and Epidemiology21
- Ch. 15 - Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity19
- Ch. 16 - Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host20
- Ch. 17 - Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host20
- Ch. 18 - Practical Applications of Immunology20
- Ch. 19 - Disorders Associated with the Immune System19
- Ch. 20 - Antimicrobial Drugs19
- Ch. 21 - Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes21
- Ch. 22 - Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System19
- Ch. 23 - Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems20
- Ch. 24 - Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System20
- Ch. 25 - Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System20
- Ch. 26 - Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems19
- Ch. 27 - Environmental Microbiology20
- Ch. 28 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology19
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 19, Problem 3
Discuss the roles of antibodies and antigens in an incompatible tissue transplant.
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Begin by defining antigens in the context of tissue transplantation: antigens are molecules, often proteins, present on the surface of cells that can be recognized by the immune system as self or non-self.
Explain that in tissue transplantation, the donor tissue carries specific antigens (such as human leukocyte antigens, HLA) that may differ from those of the recipient, leading to recognition as foreign.
Describe how antibodies are immune proteins produced by the recipient's immune system that specifically bind to these foreign antigens on the donor tissue.
Discuss that when antibodies bind to incompatible donor antigens, they trigger immune responses such as complement activation and recruitment of immune cells, leading to tissue rejection.
Conclude by emphasizing that the interaction between recipient antibodies and donor antigens is a key factor in graft rejection during incompatible tissue transplantation.
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Key Concepts
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Antigens in Tissue Transplants
Antigens are molecules, often proteins, present on the surface of cells that the immune system recognizes as self or non-self. In tissue transplants, donor antigens, especially human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), can be identified as foreign by the recipient's immune system, triggering an immune response.
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03:59
Antigens
Antibodies and Immune Response
Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells that specifically bind to antigens. In incompatible transplants, antibodies target donor antigens, marking the transplanted tissue for destruction and leading to rejection through processes like complement activation and cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Mechanism of Transplant Rejection
Transplant rejection occurs when the recipient's immune system attacks the donor tissue due to antigen-antibody recognition. This immune response can be hyperacute, acute, or chronic, involving antibody binding, inflammation, and destruction of the graft, ultimately compromising transplant survival.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
In the laboratory, blood is typed by looking for hemagglutination. For example, anti-A antibodies and type A RBCs clump. In a type A person, anti-A antibodies will cause hemolysis. Why?
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Textbook Question
Cytotoxic autoimmunity differs from immune complex autoimmunity in that cytotoxic reactions
a. Involve antibodies
b. Do not involve complement
c. Are caused by T cells
d. Do not involve IgE antibodies
e. None of the above
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Textbook Question
What does pluripotent mean?
a. Ability of a single cell to develop into an embryonic or adult stem cell
b. Ability of a stem cell to develop into many different cell types
c. A cell without MHC I and MHC II antigens
d. Ability of a single stem cell to heal different types of diseases
e. Ability of an adult cell to become a stem cell
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Textbook Question
Antibodies against HIV are ineffective for all of the following reasons except:
a. The fact that antibodies aren’t made against HIV
b. Transmission by cell–cell fusion
c. Antigenic changes
d. Latency
e. Persistence of virus particles in vacuoles
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Textbook Question
Explain what happens when a person develops a contact sensitivity to the poison oak plant.
a. What causes the observed symptoms?
b. How did the sensitivity develop?
c. How might this person be desensitized to poison oak?
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